Efficient 2-$mu$m Continuous-Wave Laser Oscillation of Tm$^3 + $:KLu(WO$_4$)$_2$

Mateos, Xavier; Petrov, Valentín; Liu, Junhai; Pujol, M. C.; Griebner, Uwe; Aguiló, Magdalena; Dı́az, Francesc; Galán, Miguel Á.; Viera, G.

doi:10.1109/jqe.2006.881629

Cited by 107 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Up to 4 W output power at 1948 nm, with a slope efficiency with respect to absorbed power reaching 69% were obtained in bulk samples under diode pumping at 802 nm [9], improving the results previously obtained in Tm:KYW bulk crystals [10,11]. The combination of high doping levels and large cross-sections permits the use of relatively thin active media.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Among the lanthanide ions exhibiting laser transitions around 2 µm, the trivalent thulium (Tm 3+ ) with the emission based on the 3 F 4  3 H 6 transition is one of the most attractive, since it can be pumped directly around 800 nm with AlGaAs diode lasers [2]. Laser operation of Tm 3+ around 2 µm has been demonstrated in several crystal hosts such as YAG (Y 3 Al 5 O 12 ) [3], YLiF 4 [4], YVO 4 [5] and monoclinic double tungstates KRE(WO 4 ) 2 or shortly KREW (RE=Y, Gd, Lu) [6,7]. Compared to other laser hosts such as garnets, fluorides or vanadates, the monoclinic double tungstates stand out because lanthanide ions exhibit high absorption and emission cross sections and broader linewidths when they are hosted in this family of crystals [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Continuous-wave and Q-switched Tm-doped KY(WO_4)_2 planar waveguide laser at 184 µm

Bolaños¹,

Carvajal²,

Mateos³

et al. 2011

Opt. Express

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High-quality monoclinic planar waveguide crystals of Tm-doped KY(WO 4 ) 2 codoped with Gd 3+ and Lu 3+ were grown by liquid-phase epitaxy. For the first time, planar waveguide lasing was demonstrated in a monolithic cavity in the 2 µm spectral range. The laser was operated in the Q-switched mode using a Cr 2+ :ZnSe crystal as saturable absorber and in the continuous-wave regimes. The Q-switched planar waveguide laser delivered pulse energies up to 120 nJ at a repetition rate of 7 kHz.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous-wave and Q-switched Tm-doped KY(WO_4)_2 planar waveguide laser at 184 µm

Bolaños¹,

Carvajal²,

Mateos³

et al. 2011

Opt. Express

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“…In addition, high-power 2-µm lasers are preferable as pump sources for optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) and optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs) in the mid-infrared region than 1-µm lasers since they provide higher quantum efficiency. Based on these considerations, solid-state lasers operating around the 2-µm waveband have been intensively investigated recently [1][2][3]. In order to obtain the 2-µm-waveband laser oscillation, the rare-earth-ion thulium (Tm 3+ ) and holmium (Ho 3+ ) doping materials, which work as quasi-three-level laser systems, are commonly used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Room-temperature cw and pulsed operation of a diode-end-pumped Tm:YAP laser

Cai

Kong

et al. 2007

Appl. Phys. B

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We report the continuous-wave and acousto-optical Q-switched operation of a diode-end-pumped Tm:YAP laser. Continuous-wave output power of 3.5 W at 1.99 µm was obtained under the absorbed pump power of 14 W. Under Qswitched laser operation, the average output power increased from 1.57 W to 2.0 W, with an absorbed pump power of 12.6 W, as the repetition rate increased from 1 kHz to 10 kHz. The maximum Q-switched pulse energy was 1.57 mJ with a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The minimum pulse width was measured to be about 80 ns, corresponding to a peak power of 19.6 kW.PACS 42.55.Rz; 42.55.Xi; 42.60.Gd IntroductionSolid-state lasers working at the 2-µm waveband are of great interest because of several favorable characteristics. Owing to the strong absorption by liquid water, the 2-µm laser is an ideal light source for bio-medical applications. The 2-µm laser can also be used for range finding, coherent laser lidar and atmospheric sensing since it is in the eye-safe spectral range. In addition, high-power 2-µm lasers are preferable as pump sources for optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) and optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs) in the mid-infrared region than 1-µm lasers since they provide higher quantum efficiency. Based on these considerations, solid-state lasers operating around the 2-µm waveband have been intensively investigated recently [1][2][3]. In order to obtain the 2-µm-waveband laser oscillation, the rare-earth-ion thulium (Tm 3+ ) and holmium (Ho 3+ ) doping materials, which work as quasi-three-level laser systems, are commonly used. However, due to the existence of reabsorption loss, the laser performance is sensitive to the change of temperature. For this, liquid-nitrogen cooling is often used to achieve a highefficiency laser output but this incurs great inconvenience in practical applications. In addition to the temperature of the laser system, the physical and chemical properties of the laser host can greatly affect the laser performance. Therefore, studu Fax: +86-571-87952437, E-mail: physyh@zju.edu.com ies of laser hosts for 2-µm lasers have also been intensively carried out. Laser operations based on several hosts such as YAG, YLF and vanadates (YVO 4 and GdVO 4 ) etc. were reported [4][5][6][7]. Furthermore, the search for better Tm-host crystals is still in progress and recent studies show promising results with YAP single crystals [8,9]. Laser emission from Tm:YAP crystal was first demonstrated with flash-lamp pumping [10] and then using Ti:sapphire laser pumping [11]. Currently, it has been demonstrated that diode pumping is the most efficient way for Tm:YAP laser pumping [12,13]. The Tm:YAP single crystal is attractive as active material for 2-µm lasers mainly due to its natural birefringence combined with good thermal and mechanical properties similar to those of the YAG crystal [8]. In addition, the emission cross section of thulium in the YAP crystal (5.5 × 10 −21 cm 2 ) is twice as high as that in the YAG crystal (2.2 × 10 −21 cm 2 ) [9]. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated tha...

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“…Due to the CR processes, the heat loading in Tm:DTs is relatively low [6]. Highly efficient multi-watt continuous-wave (CW) [7,8], Q-switched [9,10] and fs mode-locked [11,12] Tm:KREW lasers were realized recently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tm:KLu(WO_4)_2 microchip laser Q-switched by a graphene-based saturable absorber

et al. 2015

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Abstract:We report on the first Tm-doped double tungstate microchip laser Q-switched with graphene using a Tm:KLu(WO 4 ) 2 crystal cut along the N g dielectric axis. This laser generates a maximum average output power of 310 mW with a slope efficiency of 13%. At a repetition rate of 190 kHz the shortest pulses with 285 ns duration and 1.6 µJ energy are achieved. ©2015 Optical Society of America

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Efficient 2-$mu$m Continuous-Wave Laser Oscillation of Tm$^3 + $:KLu(WO$_4$)$_2$

Cited by 107 publications

References 26 publications

Continuous-wave and Q-switched Tm-doped KY(WO_4)_2 planar waveguide laser at 184 µm

Continuous-wave and Q-switched Tm-doped KY(WO_4)_2 planar waveguide laser at 184 µm

Room-temperature cw and pulsed operation of a diode-end-pumped Tm:YAP laser

Tm:KLu(WO_4)_2 microchip laser Q-switched by a graphene-based saturable absorber

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