Efficiency of twice weekly concurrent training in trained elderly men

Ferrari, Rodrigo; Kruel, Luiz Fernando Martins; Cadore, Eduardo Lusa; Alberton, Cristine Lima; Izquierdo, Mikel; Conceição, Matheus; Pinto, Ronei Silveira; Radaelli, Régis; Wilhelm, Eurico Nestor; Bottaro, Martim; Ribeiro, Jorge Pinto; Umpierre, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2013.07.016

Cited by 41 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…The present study demonstrated improvements in both vertical jump and isokinetic peak torque at fast velocity, two important methods used to assess lower extremity muscular power in older individuals. Moreover, 2·week -1 and 3·week -1 programs produced similar improvements in muscular power, reinforcing the efficiency of lower frequencies of concurrent training in the elderly[16]. Considering that the capacity to perform daily activities, such as walking, climbing stars, and gardening among others, is critical for maintaining independent functioning in elderly individuals[6], the present results highlight the efficacy of concurrent exercise training to enhancing muscular power in previously trained elderly men.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…The concurrent training periodization was used to construct the exercise training programs, as previously described[16]. Despite the differences in the number of training sessions per week, both groups performed with the same intensity and volume (i.e., number of sets, repetitions and time) per session of concurrent training throughout the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The muscle thickness was determined by the sum of the muscles vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius and rectus femoris. A detailed description of the 1RM and muscle thickness testing procedures has been described elsewhere[16]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, aerobic or resistance training performed exclusively (twice a week) and concurrent training performed with resistance exercise on one day and aerobic exercise on the other day produced similar increases in cardiovascular and neuromuscular parameters in previously untrained elderly men[14]. However, studies evaluating the effects of different frequencies of concurrent training on neuromuscular and cardiovascular functions are limited [15, 16], especially in previously trained older adults[16]. Moreover, there are no data comparing different weekly frequencies of concurrent training on power and muscle quality adaptations in the elderly.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Different Concurrent Resistance and Aerobic Training Frequencies on Muscle Power and Muscle Quality in Trained Elderly Men: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Ferrari¹,

Kruel

Cadore

et al. 2016

Aging and disease

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Muscle power is a strong predictor of functional status in the elderly population and is required to perform different daily activities. To compare the effects of different weekly training frequencies on muscle power and muscle quality induced by concurrent training (resistance + aerobic) in previously trained elderly men. Twenty-four trained elderly men (65 ± 4 years), previously engaged in a regular concurrent training program, three times per week, for the previous five months, were randomly allocated to concurrent training programs in which training was performed either twice a week (2·week-1, n = 12) or three times per week (3·week-1, n = 12). The groups trained with an identical exercise intensity and volume per session for 10 weeks. Before and after the exercise training, we examined muscle power, as estimated by countermovement jump height; knee extensor isokinetic peak torque at 60 and 180o.s-1; and muscle quality, a quotient between the one-repetition maximum of the knee extensors and the sum of quadriceps femoris muscle thickness determined by ultrasonography. Additionally, as secondary outcomes, blood pressure and reactive hyperemia were evaluated. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures were used and statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. Muscular power (2·week-1: 7%, and 3·week-1: 10%) and muscle quality (2·week-1: 15%, and 3·week-1: 8%) improved with the concurrent exercise training (p < 0.001) but with no differences between groups. The isokinetic peak torque at 60 (2·week-1: 4%, and 3·week-1: 2%) and 180o.s-1 (2·week-1: 7%, and 3·week-1: 1%) increased in both groups (p = 0.036 and p=0.014, respectively). There were no changes in blood pressure or reactive hyperemia with the concurrent training. Concurrent training performed twice a week promotes similar adaptations in muscular power and muscle quality when compared with the same program performed three times per week in previously trained elderly men.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Different Concurrent Resistance and Aerobic Training Frequencies on Muscle Power and Muscle Quality in Trained Elderly Men: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Ferrari¹,

Kruel

Cadore

et al. 2016

Aging and disease

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“…During the entire process of aging that may commence during the second decade of life in humans, there is an overall decline of biological functions, which includes deterioration of the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, urinary, respiratory, endocrine, skeletal muscle, and nervous functions, paralleled by unfavorable changes in body composition (e.g., visceral obesity) that predispose the individual to chronic inflammatory diseases of low grade [5,6]. Specifically, adipose tissue expansion is linked to a state of chronic unresolved inflammation [7] that, when associated with aging, is often called "inflammaging".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological regulation of the heat shock response by glutamine: implications for chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases in age-related conditions

Leite

Cruzat

Krause

et al. 2016

Nutrire

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Aging is an intricate process modulated by different molecular and cellular events, such as genome instability, epigenetic and transcriptional changes, molecular damage, cell death and senescence, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. Particularly, protein quality control (chaperone systems) tends to be negatively affected by aging, thus leading to cellular senescence in metabolic tissues and, as a consequence, to the increasing dissemination of inflammation throughout the body. The heat shock (HS) response and its associated expression of the 70 kDa family of heat shock proteins (HSP70), which are anti-inflammatory molecular chaperones, are found to be markedly decreased during muscle inactivity and aging, while evidence supports the loss of HSP70 as a key mechanism which may drive muscle atrophy, contractile dysfunction, and reduced regenerative capacity. In addition, abnormal stress response is linked with higher incidence of neurodegenerative diseases as well as low-grade inflammatory diseases that are associated with physical inactivity and obesity. Therefore, strategies to increase or, at least, to maintain the levels of HSP70, and its accompanying HS response to stress, are key to reduce biological cell dysfunctions that occur in aging. In this sense, physical exercise is of note as it is the most powerful inducer of the HS response, comparable only to heat stress and fever-like conditions. On the other hand, the amino acid L-glutamine, whose production within the skeletal muscle and liberation into the blood stream is dependent on muscle activity, is a potentializer of HSP70 expression and HS response, particularly via its entering in hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). Herein, we discuss the collaborative role of glutamine (and its donors/precursors) and physical exercise (mostly responsible for glutamine release into the circulation) as potential tools to increase HSP70 expression and the HS response in the elderly.

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Altered muscle oxidative phenotype impairs exercise tolerance but does not improve after exercise training in multiple sclerosis

Spaas

Goulding

Keytsman

et al. 2022

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience reduced exercise tolerance that substantially reduces quality of life. The mechanisms underpinning exercise intolerance in MS are not fully clear. This study aimed to determine the contributions of the cardiopulmonary system and peripheral muscle in MS-induced exercise intolerance before and after exercise training. Methods Twenty-three patients with MS (13 women) and 20 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls (13 women) performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Muscle fibre type composition, size, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, capillarity, and gene expression and proteins related to mitochondrial density were determined in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies. Nine MS patients (five women) were re-examined following a 12 week exercise training programme consisting of high-intensity cycling interval and resistance training. Results Patients with MS had lower maximal oxygen uptake compared with healthy controls (V ˙O2peak , 25.0 ± 8.5 vs. 35.7 ± 6.4 mL/kg/min, P < 0.001). The lower gas exchange threshold (MS: 14.5 ± 5.5 vs. controls: 19.7 ± 2.9 mL/kg/ min, P = 0.01) and slope of V ˙O2 versus work rate (MS: 9.5 ± 1.7 vs. controls: 10.8 ± 1.1 mL/min/W, P = 0.01) suggested an intramuscular contribution to exercise intolerance in patients with MS. Muscle SDH activity was 22% lower in MS (P = 0.004), and strongly correlated with several indices of whole-body exercise capacity in MS patients (e.g. V ˙O2peak , Spearman's ρ = 0.81, P = 0.002), but not healthy controls (ρ = 0.24, P = 0.38). In addition, protein levels of mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes I (À40%, P = 0.047) and II (À45%, P = 0.026) were lower in MS patients versus controls. Muscle capillary/fibre ratio correlated with V ˙O2peak in healthy controls (ρ = 0.86, P < 0.001) but not in MS (ρ = 0.35, P = 0.22), and did not differ between groups (1.41 ± 0.30 vs. 1.47 ± 0.38, P = 0.65). Expression of genes involved in mitochondrial function, such as PPARA, PPARG, and TFAM, was markedly reduced in muscle tissue samples of MS patients (all P < 0.05). No differences in muscle fibre type composition or size were observed between groups (all P > 0.05). V ˙O2peak increased by 23% following exercise training in MS (P < 0.001); however, no changes in muscle capillarity, SDH activity, gene or protein expression were observed (all P > 0.05). Conclusions Skeletal muscle oxidative phenotype (mitochondrial complex I and II content, SDH activity) is lower in patients with MS, contributing to reduced exercise tolerance. However, skeletal muscle mitochondria appeared resistant to the beneficial effects of exercise training, suggesting that other physiological systems, at least in part, drive the improvements in exercise capacity following exercise training in MS.

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Efficiency of twice weekly concurrent training in trained elderly men

Cited by 41 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of Different Concurrent Resistance and Aerobic Training Frequencies on Muscle Power and Muscle Quality in Trained Elderly Men: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Effects of Different Concurrent Resistance and Aerobic Training Frequencies on Muscle Power and Muscle Quality in Trained Elderly Men: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Physiological regulation of the heat shock response by glutamine: implications for chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases in age-related conditions

Altered muscle oxidative phenotype impairs exercise tolerance but does not improve after exercise training in multiple sclerosis

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