Effects of Different Concurrent Resistance and Aerobic Training Frequencies on Muscle Power and Muscle Quality in Trained Elderly Men: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

Muscle power is a strong predictor of functional status in the elderly population and is required to perform different daily activities. To compare the effects of different weekly training frequencies on muscle power and muscle quality induced by concurrent training (resistance + aerobic) in previously trained elderly men. Twenty-four trained elderly men (65 ± 4 years), previously engaged in a regular concurrent training program, three times per week, for the previous five months, were randomly allocated to concurrent training programs in which training was performed either twice a week (2·week-1, n = 12) or three times per week (3·week-1, n = 12). The groups trained with an identical exercise intensity and volume per session for 10 weeks. Before and after the exercise training, we examined muscle power, as estimated by countermovement jump height; knee extensor isokinetic peak torque at 60 and 180o.s-1; and muscle quality, a quotient between the one-repetition maximum of the knee extensors and the sum of quadriceps femoris muscle thickness determined by ultrasonography. Additionally, as secondary outcomes, blood pressure and reactive hyperemia were evaluated. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures were used and statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. Muscular power (2·week-1: 7%, and 3·week-1: 10%) and muscle quality (2·week-1: 15%, and 3·week-1: 8%) improved with the concurrent exercise training (p < 0.001) but with no differences between groups. The isokinetic peak torque at 60 (2·week-1: 4%, and 3·week-1: 2%) and 180o.s-1 (2·week-1: 7%, and 3·week-1: 1%) increased in both groups (p = 0.036 and p=0.014, respectively). There were no changes in blood pressure or reactive hyperemia with the concurrent training. Concurrent training performed twice a week promotes similar adaptations in muscular power and muscle quality when compared with the same program performed three times per week in previously trained elderly men.

The Effects of Concurrent Training Combining Both Resistance Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training or Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Metabolic Syndrome

“…Intensity is an important exercise prescription outcome, although to date, few studies using high-intensity interval aerobic training (HIIT) (Guadalupe-Grau et al, 2017;García-Pinillos et al, 2019) and moderate intensity continuous training [MICT (Ferrari et al, 2016)] have successfully been combined with resistance training (RT) program to improve neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory functions. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies with RT+HIIT on MetS risk factors in older adults.…”

Genetic predisposition score predicts the increases of knee strength and muscle mass after one-year exercise in healthy elderly

“…Multiple exercise methods have been reported as effective in slowing the muscular aging process. Resistance training and combined aerobic and resistance training have been proven to maintain muscle performance [11][12][13] . A 26-week exercise intervention on obese elderly has found a 18% improvement in strength after combined training and a 19% strength increment after resistance training 14 .…”

Effects of Physiotherapy Interventions on the Function of the Locomotor System in Elder Age: View of Theory and Practice

“…The frequency (2 or 3 times per week) of combined (resistance and aerobic) training did not influence the functional outcomes in old men [42].…”