Efficiency of the RPL repair mechanisms for Low Power and Lossy Networks

Khelifi, Nesrine; Kammoun, Wafa; Youssef, Habib

doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2014.6906339

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This is accomplished by constructing and updating a decentralized data structure whilst the WSN is in operation. The RPL method constructs this kind of distributed routing table to direct data packets throughout the network [12]. A root node is one that has no child nodes or outbound connections.…”

Section: Rpl Routing Mechanism Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

CERP: Cooperative and Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Atitallah,

Cheikhrouhou,

Mershad

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), constrained by limited resources, demand routing strategies that prioritize energy efficiency. The tactic of cooperative routing, which leverages the broadcast nature of wireless channels, has garnered attention for its capability to amplify routing efficacy. This manuscript introduces a power-conscious routing approach, tailored for resource-restricted WSNs. By exploiting cooperative communications, we introduce an innovative relay node selection technique within clustered networks, aiming to curtail energy usage while safeguarding data dependability. This inventive methodology has been amalgamated into the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL), giving rise to the cooperative and efficient routing protocol (CERP). The devised CERP protocol pinpoints and selects the most efficacious relay node, ensuring that packet transmission is both energy-minimal and reliable. Performance evaluations were executed to substantiate the proposed strategy, and its practicality was examined using an Arduino-based sensor node and the Contiki operating system in real-world scenarios. The outcomes affirm the efficacy of the proposed strategy, outshining the standard RPL concerning reliability and energy conservation, enhancing RPL reliability by 10% and energy savings by 18%. This paper is posited to contribute to the evolution of power-conscious routing strategies for WSNs, crucial for prolonging sensor node battery longevity while sustaining dependable communication.

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Section: Rpl Routing Mechanism Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

CERP: Cooperative and Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Atitallah,

Cheikhrouhou,

Mershad

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…In ref. [24], the authors address energy efficiency and reliability issues when the network size and the location of the root node change in addition to considering storing mode and convergence time for local repair approaches. In ref.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Green Routing Protocol with Wireless Power Transfer for Internet of Things

Chiti

Fantacci

Pierucci

2021

JSAN

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The usually constrained resources and lossy links scenarios of Internet of Things (IoT) applications require specific protocol suite, as the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL). Due to its flexibility, RPL can support efficiently vertical applications such as environmental monitoring, smart city and Industry 4.0. In this paper, we propose a new Objective Function (OF) for RPL based on a composite metric considering jointly the residual energy of a node (parent) together with the energy that a neighbor node (child) can transfer to the parent according to the Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) concept. Specifically, we consider simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) technique, which enables both the energy harvesting and information decoding from the same radio frequency (RF) signal, in order to influence the selection of the best path according to the proposed energy efficient metric in RPL. Performance evaluation on a realistic scenario pointed out a remarkable energy saving to prolong the network lifetime, by selecting the best path toward the sink node, with respect to the OFs usually considered in the literature.

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“…Khelifi et al and Herberg and Clausen() found that the control traffic and energy consumption increase with increasing the network size. In fact, Khelifi et al concluded that running RPL while increasing the number of the base station's neighboring nodes may reduce the energy consumption and the average packet loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Khelifi et al and Tripathi et al found that nodes closer to the sinks relay more traffic than nodes that are farther away and therefore, they consume more energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rescue‐Sink: Dynamic sink augmentation for RPL in the Internet of Things

Khelifi

Nataf

Oteafy

et al. 2018

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

Self Cite

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is largely built on the interconnection of low‐power networked devices, generally referred to as low‐power and lossy networks (LLNs). The prime routing protocol designed over IPv6, named routing protocol for LLNs (RPL), presents the main effort to standardize an IPv6‐based routing protocol for all LLNs. Routing protocol for LLNs has gained significant prominence in IoT research due to its flexibility in adapting to different topologies and could run in agnostic replicas over the same network to serve different applications. However, as RPL is based on virtualizing a tree topology, many challenges ensue in scaling with network traffic and diverse traffic patterns in the IoT. The current RPL standard focus on operation under a single sink, toward which all traffic flows, and thereby its survivability determines the lifetime of the IoT network. However, it mentions briefly in its RFC6550, the using of multiple roots. However, it does not study when, where, and how deploying multiple roots. In this paper, we propose a dynamic Rescue Sink protocol, which actively monitors the performance of IoT nodes in a given RPL network and introduces a dynamic mechanism for mitigating RPL performance by introducing new sinks when needed. We define a suffering index computed over intervals by RPL nodes in a decentralized approach, which monitors their tendency to yield high traffic load without inducing control overhead. Furthermore, our Rescue Sink protocol is designed in line with the RPL standard, and we elaborate on all the components to integrate with the standard. We present a thorough evaluation of our Sink Rescue protocol, using the Cooja simulator over the Contiki OS, most prevalently used in IoT devices. We demonstrate the performance improvements in terms of energy consumption and data delivery.

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Efficiency of the RPL repair mechanisms for Low Power and Lossy Networks

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

CERP: Cooperative and Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

CERP: Cooperative and Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

A Green Routing Protocol with Wireless Power Transfer for Internet of Things

Rescue‐Sink: Dynamic sink augmentation for RPL in the Internet of Things

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