Efficiency of the antioxidant additive ionol in jet fuels

Chertkov, Ya. B.; Seregin, E. P.; Berezina, R. M.; Kunina, E. A.; Kirsanova, T. I.

doi:10.1007/bf00723435

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Based upon this, several methods have been patented in order to incorporate oxygen into the structure of fuel components. Most of them consist of using classic inorganic agents, such as potassium permanganate and potassium dichromate with appropriate catalysts and pH adjustment, to partially oxidize the starting fuel. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation of Long Chain Hydrocarbons by Means of Low-Pressure Plasmas

et al. 2001

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Oxidation of several liquid, long chain hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, arenes, and a light gas oil, LCGO, product of a coking process) has been studied by using a low-pressure high-voltage oxygen plasma. Olefins were readily oxidized to epoxides and carbonyl compounds, O(3P) being the active species in the plasma. At long treatment times the saturated chains of the olefins also reacted to produce secondary alcohols and ketones. These compounds and tertiary alcohols, only when tertiary carbons were present, were obtained with alkanes. At 5 min 4-phenyl-1-butene showed reaction mostly on the olefinic CC, followed by oxidation of the aromatic ring. At 120 min the olefinic fraction of the compound was eliminated and the reaction of the saturated −CH2− groups represented only 0.6% of the total conversion. LCGO, with a composition of 65.1% alkanes, 34.8% aromatics, and 3.1% olefins, was treated under similar conditions used for the model compounds. At 120 min the olefinic fraction of the mixture was eliminated and the cetane number, a parameter indicating the quality of fuel oils, was improved by 66% without any additional treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation of Long Chain Hydrocarbons by Means of Low-Pressure Plasmas

et al. 2001

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“…Particularly for the light fuel oil, at 120 min of treatment, the olefinic fraction was eliminated and the cetane number was improved by 66% without any additional treatment . A preliminary evaluation of the efficiency of the oxidizing bench system utilized in that work indicated some advantages with respect to the classical oxidation process based on potassium permanganate. − In both cases, only operation costs were considered. The radio frequency generator utilized to produce the water vapor plasma of this research consumes about 3.8 times more power than the high voltage system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…These species can be either hydrogenated to produce alkanes or oxidized to produce epoxides, carbonyl compounds, and alcohols. In both cases the cetane number of the sample is improved in a better manner compared to classical wet oxidation. − …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic Study of Low-Pressure Water Plasmas and Their Reactions with Liquid Hydrocarbons

2001

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Characterization of a water plasma was carried out in a range of water vapor flow rate of 0.1 to 2.2 mmol/h in a radio frequency discharge, in order to study its properties as either an oxidizing or a reducing agent in heterogeneous reactions with different liquid hydrocarbons. The variation of relative population of the species in the plasma, namely ·H, O(3P), and ·OH, was studied by optical emission spectroscopy by varying the flow rate, at a fixed radio frequency power of 100 W. Reactions with liquid hydrocarbons, such as fuel residuals and organic compounds with similar functionalities, were performed. Hydrogenation products were the most abundant at low flow rates, whereas oxidation was the prevalent process at moderate-to-high flow rates, alcohols, carbonyl compounds, epoxides and phenols being the products, depending on the starting substances. The cetane number of a light gas oil, containing 89.75% of alkanes, 5.57% of aromatics, and 4.68% of olefins, was improved by 59% after 8 h treatment at 0.071 mmol of water per hour.

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“…8 They seem to be lower than those for treatment with inorganic oxidizers. [3][4][5] Oxidation experiments of squalene (2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosahexaene) by means of an ICP torch of oxygen/argon at a 1/2.5 molar ratio and 0.332 atm have been performed. 8 The results indicate that the process can be scaled up.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particulate emission reductions have been proportional to the oxygen content, averaging 26.1% below that of the base fuel for 7 wt % of oxygen. On the other hand, with the aim of improving their cetane number, the oxidation of fuel oils has been performed classically by means of methodologies based on potassium permanganate and potassium dichromate with appropriate catalysts and pH adjustment. − The cetane number is a parameter that represents the autoignition capability of a fuel when it is subjected to compression. It is measured according to the ASTM D-613 motor test…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation of Cycloalkanes and Diesel Fuels by Means of Oxygen Low Pressure Plasmas

et al. 2002

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Oxidation of eight liquid cycloalkanes and two diesel fuels has been studied by using a low pressure high voltage oxygen plasma. Naphthenes were individually oxidized to alcohols and ketones, O( 3 P) being the active species in the plasma. Tertiary C-H bonds were the most reactive. At long treatment times the main products suffered successive oxidation to produce two oxygenated groups in the same molecule. cis-Decaline was four times more reactive than transdecaline. For this two isomers and bicyclohexyl the conversions were the lowest, the yield of the tertiary carbon being between 40 and 80% of the total. Methyl-, ethyl-, and n-propylcyclohexane gave similar results. The reactivity of the two tertiary carbons of iso-propylcyclohexane amounted to c.a. 80%. This compound was the most reactive. Due to steric effects of the alkyl group, tertbutylcyclohexane showed low reactivity. Addition of 4.7-7.0 wt % of oxygen to the diesel fuels has been achieved in one-step process with the plasma.

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Efficiency of the antioxidant additive ionol in jet fuels

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Oxidation of Long Chain Hydrocarbons by Means of Low-Pressure Plasmas

Oxidation of Long Chain Hydrocarbons by Means of Low-Pressure Plasmas

Spectroscopic Study of Low-Pressure Water Plasmas and Their Reactions with Liquid Hydrocarbons

Oxidation of Cycloalkanes and Diesel Fuels by Means of Oxygen Low Pressure Plasmas

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