Efficiency of Solid State Photomultipliers in Photon Number Resolution

Vinogradov, Sergey; Vinogradova, T. R.; Shubin, V. G.; Shushakov, D. A.; Sitarsky, C

doi:10.1109/tns.2010.2096474

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Recently, an afterpulsing is simulated as a branching Poisson process assuming a single avalanche creating a Poisson-distributed number of afterpulses, and when iteratively applied to each of the generated afterpulses [12]. ENF of the correlated processes was initially derived in [2] and discussed [3], and then advanced results were presented in [10].…”

Section: Correlated Noise: Crosstalk and Afterpulsingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initial analytical results on a distribution of a number of fired pixels and photon number resolution of SiPM was presented in [19], [20]. Detailed analysis of photon number resolution and an introduction of an excess noise factor of binomial nonlinearity of SiPM based on (2.20), (2.21) was given in [3]. It shows that nonlinearity makes actual photon number resolution worse while resolution of output signal appears to be better and tends to zero at high pixel load L (mean number of potential detections per pixel) and probability to fire a pixel P fire :…”

Section: Nonlinearity With No Pixel Recovery: Binomial Distribution Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, considerable noise contributions from specific secondary correlated events, namely, crosstalk and afterpulsing processes, make such modeling much more complicated [2]. Another kind of complications is associated with nonlinearity of a SiPM response due to limited number of pixels and non-instant pixel recovering at relatively intense light signals [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perfomance of Silicon Photomultipliers in photon number and time resolution

Vinogradov¹

2016

Proceedings of International Conference on New Photo-Detectors — PoS(PhotoDet2015)

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Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are a novel generation of photon detectors designed as an array of independently operated Geiger-mode APDs (pixels) with common output. SiPM provides proportional detection of low-level light pulses starting from single photons with remarkable photon number and time resolution at room temperature. Now they are worldwide recognized to be competitive with vacuum photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and avalanche photodiodes (APDs) for scintillation and Cherenkov light detections in such areas as particle physics and nuclear medicine. Well-known specific drawbacks of SiPMs are excess noises caused by stochastic processes of crosstalk and afterpulsing as well as non-linearity and saturation of SiPM response to intense light pulses due to limited number of pixels and noninstant pixel recovery.This study presents an analysis of SiPM performance based on probability distributions of the key stochastic processes affecting SiPM response: photo-conversion, dark generation, avalanche multiplication, crosstalk and afterpulsing, non-linearity and saturation losses. SiPM performance in photon number (energy) resolution is represented in terms of specific excess noise factors of these processes identified as comparable metrics of their contributions. SiPM time resolution is shown to be defined by photon number resolution and by temporal profiles of photon arrival and photon detection time distributions, and a single electron response.Analytical results of this approach are applied to compare a performance of the modern SiPMs with each other and with conventional PMTs and APDs in typical scintillation and Cherenkov detection applications. The results also seem to be useful for SiPM characterization, selection, and application-specific optimization as well as for SiPM design improvements.

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Section: Correlated Noise: Crosstalk and Afterpulsingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nonlinearity With No Pixel Recovery: Binomial Distribution Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perfomance of Silicon Photomultipliers in photon number and time resolution

Vinogradov¹

2016

Proceedings of International Conference on New Photo-Detectors — PoS(PhotoDet2015)

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“…However, due to specific SiPM drawbacks such as high dark count rates, sources of correlated noise (crosstalk, afterpulsing), and limited dynamic range (limited number of pixels, relatively slow pixel recovery time) their applications are mostly associated with the detection of faint light flashes of nanosecond time scale [1], [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study is an attempt to advance an initial consideration of transient SiPM response to long and intense light pulses [5] based on a dynamical combination of earlier analytical approaches utilizing binomial nonlinearity and nonparalizible dead time models [2]. This attempt is a more comprehensive consideration of a transient SiPM response by modeling it as a reward-renewal Markov process formed by a non-homogeneous Poisson process of photon (and photoelectron) arrivals and the exponential pixel recovery process that is conditional on previous firing of the pixel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of arbitrary waveform signal detection by Silicon Photomultipliers as readout for Cherenkov fibre based beam loss monitoring systems

Vinogradov¹,

Kastriotou²,

Welsch³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of International Conference on New Photo-Detectors — PoS(PhotoDet2015)

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Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are well recognised as very competitive photodetectors due to their exceptional photon number and time resolution, room-temperature low-voltage operation, insensitivity to magnetic fields, compactness, and robustness. Detection of weak light pulses of nanosecond time scale appears to be the best area for SiPM applications because in this case most of the SiPM drawbacks have a rather limited effect on its performance. In contrast to the more typical scintillation and Cherenkov detection applications, which demand information on the number of photons and/or the arrival time of the light pulse only, beam loss monitoring (BLM) systems utilising Cherenkov fibres with photodetector readout have to precisely reconstruct the temporal profile of the light pulse. This is a rather challenging task for any photon detector especially taking into account the high dynamic range of incident signals (100K -1M) from a few photons to a few percents of destructive losses in a beam line and presumably an arbitrary temporal distribution of photons (localisation of losses).Nevertheless, a number of advantages and ongoing improvements of SiPM technology are considered to be a reasonable ground for this feasibility study of SiPM application in BLM systems. Transient SiPM responses to light pulses over a wide range of intensities have been measured and an analytical model has been applied to describe the results. Non-linearity of SiPMs due to the limited number of pixels and non-instant pixel recovery time is found to be a source of transient and history-dependent distortions of output signals. PhotoDet2015 6 International Conference on New Photo-detectors

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