Efficiency of Insect Nets in Excluding Whiteflies and Their Impact on Some Natural Biological Control Agents

Hanafi, A.; Bouharroud, Rachid; Amouat, S.; Miftah, S.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2007.747.47

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Although increasing exclusion capability generally results in increased air resistance (static pressure), these two characteristics of screens are not always well correlated (Bell and Baker 2000). This mesh size has been shown to provide reliable exclusion of B. tabaci while allowing free entry of the parasitoid E. mundus (Hanafi et al 2007). Commonly used netting to exclude B. tabaci is constructed of woven, UV stabilized (and often UV absorbing) polyethylene with 10 threads per cm in the vertical plane and 22 in the horizontal plane, providing openings of approximately 200 by 700 μm (Table 17.2).…”

Section: Greenhouse Exclusion Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bemisia: Bionomics and Management of a Global Pest

Brown

2010

143

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No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover illustration: Whitefly -USDA-ARS, Scott BauerPrinted on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) This book is dedicated to Dr. Jacquelyn (Jackie) L. Blackmer , a coauthor of Chapter 5 and a renowned entomologist in the field of insect behavior, insect-plant interactions, and insect dispersal and migration. During postdoctoral work at The University of Arizona and her most recent tenure with the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service in Arizona she made numerous advances in understanding the behavior, physiology and ecology of Bemisia tabaci. Dr. Blackmer conducted some of the first and still the most comprehensive studies on the migratory and short-range flight behavior of Bemisia tabaci including the role of environment, physiology, morphology, life history and host quality. She advanced our understanding of host quality factors in whitefly life history, developed an artificial diet system, and examined the flight behavior of whitefly parasitoids. She was a tireless, innovative and inspirational researcher as well as being a generous collaborator, colleague and friend to all with whom she worked. Her significant contributions to entomology will be long remembered and will continue to inspire advances in whitefly biology, ecology and management.v

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Section: Greenhouse Exclusion Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bemisia: Bionomics and Management of a Global Pest

Brown

2010

143

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“…In protective structures (such as greenhouses and screenhouses), B. tabaci can be physically excluded from the vegetable crops when using fine mesh materials [152,153]. However, a conflict exists between adequate ventilation and the small mesh size required for the exclusion of B. tabaci.…”

Section: Cultural Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different strategies will be imperative for different systems, growing conditions, and geographical areas. Greenhouse growers may take advantage of the enclosed environment by using screens to exclude B. tabaci [152,153] and by using predators [278,280,287,292], parasitoids [296,[299][300][301][302][303][304], and entomopathogens [316,332]. Under field conditions, one general approach is to apply: 1) cultural practices to avoid or reduce B. tabaci infestations [139,148]; 2) biologically mild treatments (insecticidal soaps/oils or highly selective insecticides) to suppress B. tabaci populations while preserving beneficial organisms [243]; and 3) broad-spectrum pesticides only when required (based on action thresholds) preferably at the later stages of vegetable crops to minimize detrimental effects on beneficial organisms [217,220].…”

Section: Future Challenges and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bemisia tabaci on Vegetables in the Southern United States: Incidence, Impact, and Management

Mbata

Punnuri

et al. 2021

Insects

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Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is among the most economically important insect pests of various vegetable crops in the Southern United States. This insect is considered a complex of at least 40 morphologically indistinguishable cryptic species. Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) was initially introduced in the United States around 1985 and has since rapidly spread across the Southern United States to Texas, Arizona, and California, where extreme field outbreaks have occurred on vegetable and other crops. This pest creates extensive plant damage through direct feeding on vegetables, secreting honeydew, causing plant physiological disorders, and vectoring plant viruses. The direct and indirect plant damage in vegetable crops has resulted in enormous economic losses in the Southern United States, especially in Florida, Georgia, and Texas. Effective management of B. tabaci on vegetables relies mainly on the utilization of chemical insecticides, particularly neonicotinoids. However, B. tabaci has developed considerable resistance to most insecticides. Therefore, alternative integrated pest management (IPM) strategies are required, such as cultural control by manipulation of production practices, resistant vegetable varieties, and biological control using a suite of natural enemies for the management of the pest.

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“…Greenhouses may exclude B. tabaci with the use of fine netting in sides, ends and portions of the roof. Netting of a density of 10 threads per cm in the vertical plane and 22 threads per cm in the horizontal plane provides reliable exclusion of B. tabaci (openings of approximately 200 by 700 µm) (Hanafi et al, 2007). In addition, some types of plastic and screening contain an ultraviolet-absorbing additive that blocks a greater portion of the ultraviolet light spectrum, maintaining high transmission of visible light.…”

Section: Appendicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risks to plant health posed by Bemisia tabaci species complex and viruses it transmits for the EU territory

Baker¹,

Bragard²,

Candresse³

et al. 2013

EFS2

161

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The Panel on Plant Health conducted a pest risk assessment for Bemisia tabaci and the viruses it transmits, including an evaluation of risk reduction options and an assessment of the effectiveness of the special requirements linked to B. tabaci and the viruses listed in Council Directive 2000/29/EC. B. tabaci and a large number of viruses transmitted by this polyphagous insect occur in subtropical and tropical climates around the world. Five entry pathways for B. tabaci and associated viruses were identified, with the plants for planting pathway being most significant and rated for entry of insects and viruses as likely and moderately likely, respectively. The most invasive B. tabaci species and several of its associated viruses responsible for severe diseases in major European food crops are established outdoors in coastal Mediterranean regions. Because of similar climate requirements and host plant preferences, B. tabaci and associated viruses currently not present in Europe are likely to establish within the temperature limits set for B. tabaci. Trade between European Member States allows B. tabaci to reach greenhouses in northern Europe, including those in areas with protected zone status. Because of the cool climate, establishment and spread outdoors of B. tabaci is rated unlikely for northern Europe. This situation is likely to continue even under a climatic scenario with an increase in temperature of +2 °C. B. tabaci -transmitted viruses cause severe diseases with major negative impact on crop production when risk reduction measures are not used. Risk reduction options will also apply to B. tabaci and viruses new to Europe. Risk reductions options are evaluated in terms of reducing B. tabaci populations, crop infestations, virus incidence and the impact of diseases. © European Food Safety Authority, 2013 KEY WORDSBemisia tabaci, European and non-European Bemisia tabaci, begomoviruses, non-circulatively transmitted viruses, pest risk assessment, risk reduction options. With regard to the assessment of the risks to plant health:B. tabaci is considered to be one of the most serious threats to crop cultivation worldwide, predominantly because of the large number of viruses it transmits. In regions where B. tabaci is established, viruses transmitted by this insect, especially those affecting tomato and cucurbits, and also beans, pepper and aubergines, are responsible for severe diseases that have a strong negative impact on crop yield. As a consequence, crop production in those areas is not possible without a system-wide and comprehensive set of pest and disease management measures in place. In the risk assessment area, B. tabaci is present outdoors in coastal areas with a Mediterranean climate, and in many EU countries the pest is present in greenhouses.B. tabaci is a complex of at least 28 indistinguishable morphocryptic species, of which four occur in Europe. Two species, Mediterranean (Med, formerly referred to as biotype Q) and Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1, formerly referred to as biotype B), a...

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Efficiency of Insect Nets in Excluding Whiteflies and Their Impact on Some Natural Biological Control Agents

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Bemisia: Bionomics and Management of a Global Pest

Bemisia: Bionomics and Management of a Global Pest

Bemisia tabaci on Vegetables in the Southern United States: Incidence, Impact, and Management

Scientific Opinion on the risks to plant health posed by Bemisia tabaci species complex and viruses it transmits for the EU territory

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