Efficiency of biomonitoring methods applying tropical bioindicator plants for assessing the phytoxicity of the air pollutants in SE, Brazil

Abstract

In the tropical region, the greatest challenge of the biomonitoring approach is to establish linear relationships between biomarkers measured in plants and pollutant concentrations, since the bioindicator responses can be intensified or restricted by climatic variations. In southeastern Brazil, there are two regions affected by air pollution, where the Atlantic Forest remains and should be preserved. Consequently, both areas have been monitored by biomonitoring procedures using standardized and tropical plants. The industrial complex settled in Cubatão is one of the world's most famous examples of environmental pollution and degradation, with consequent decline of the Atlantic Forest. An oil refinery is among the most polluting industries in the Cubatão region. The other region is located in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (MRC). The MRC has been affected by high levels of air pollutants originated from road traffic and is responsible for over 80% of CO, NOx, and hydrocarbon emissions and develops industrial activities that emit about 70% of the particulate matter present in the region. Both regions are distinguished by the climate, despite the fact that they are only about 130 km far from each other. Several studies carried out by our group in these regions aimed to establish the best native tree species and respective potential biomarkers for future assessment of pollution effects on tropical Forests. We present a critical review about the efficiency of native species compared to standardized bioindicator plants considering antioxidant defense system, nutrient accumulation, and microscopic aspects when exposed to atmospheric pollutants and climate.

Potential of Thirteen Urban Greening Plants to Capture Particulate Matter on Leaf Surfaces across Three Levels of Ambient Atmospheric Pollution

“…Greening plants may serve as a cost effective and environmentally compatible means for the biomonitoring of pollutants in urban settings, as plant materials (e.g., tree leaves and bark) are easy to collect, may be analyzed cheaply, and produce no secondary pollution [22,23]. Thus, plants can be widely utilized for the removal of airborne contaminants in urban environments.…”

Analysis of deposition of heavy metal dust on the leaves of few selected tree species in Kanchipuram town, Tamil Nadu, India

“…al., 2016) have shown that plants are considered as the effective and the best system for biomonitoring and acting as bioindicators for atmospheric pollutants especially for heavy metals. Biomonitoring by plant species has been carried out in two ways as passive monitoring and active monitoring techniques, first one is by planting or introducing the sensitive plants and the later one is using the plants existing at present in the environment (Nakazato et al, 2018). Polluted sites specifically with various metal pollutants were monitored frequently by the lower plants such as mosses and lichens due to their more accumulation ability (Jiang et al, 2018 andYatawara andDayananda 2019).…”

Controle preditivo do tipo finite control set aplicado ao conversor elevador de um sistema fotovoltaico com operação em frequência constante.

“…al., 2013 Avaliar a troca do combustível utilizado nas caldeiras de uma refinaria de petróleo bruto. (Nakazato et al, 2018). Portanto, a escolha da espécie P.guajava no presente trabalho se deu pela facilidade de obtenção das mudas e pela versatilidade do uso na investigação de poluentes no ambiente.…”

“…As concentrações de B foram de 38,1 ppm (C2), 37,5 ppm (C3), 40,6 ppm (C4) e 41,6 (P1). Este elemento é também descrito como proveniente de fontes naturais, principalmente marinhas, que proporcionalmente, contribuem com uma maior parte nas emissões de B para a atmosfera (Howe, 1998 apresentaou um valor médio de 32,7 ppm de B (Nakazato et. al.…”

“…O elemento Zn é descrito como proveniente de fontes industriais como refinaria de petróleo (Valirini, 2011). Nakazato et. al.…”