Biomonitoring of heavy metals is one of the economic methods to identify and improve the quality of air. The aim of this work was to identify the concentration of nine heavy metals viz. Fe, Pb, Cu, Zn, Al, Cd, As, Cr and Mn in the ambient air deposited on the leaves of five tree species such as Saraca asoca, Terminalia catappa, Syzygium cumini, Ficus religiosa and Pongamia glabra collected from six sites such as Pallavarmedu (Site I), CSI hospital (Site II), Moongilmandapam (Site III), Collectrate (Site IV), Near Cancer Institute (Site V) and VellaGate (Site VI) of the Kanchipuram town of TamilNadu State, in the months of February - March 2019. Even with some differences in the concentration of nine heavy metals on the species, few were identified with significant correlation, suggesting that these pollutants were emitted from similar sources. The deposition of iron (235.53mg/kg) and aluminium (157.91mg/kg) were higher on the leaves of S.asoca compared with other species. The metals such as Cu, Cd, As, Pb and Cr were nil and not detected on the leaves, but Pb concentration was high (185.79 mg/kg) only on P. glabra at Site 2 and Cr (2.37 mg/kg) was found on the leaves of S. asoca at Site 1. The heavy metal dust deposited on the leaf surface was probably due to vehicular emission and other anthropogenic activities. The analysis showed that all the selected tree species acted as a biomonitor and should be grown that may help to improve the air quality of the area.
Plant species can be utilized for biomonitoring the quality of the environment and reform the extent of pollution in both urbanized and industrial regions. In this current study, the quantity of nine heavy metal components viz. Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Pb absorbed on the leaves of Saraca asoca and Syzygium cumini were examined by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) during “February-March, 2019”. The samples were gathered from six different sites namely, Vellagate (Site1), CSI hospital (Site2), Near Cancer Institute (Site3), Moongilmandapam (Site4), Collectrate (Site5), Pallavarmedu (Control Site 6), of the Kanchipuram town, Tamil Nadu State. Metals Fe, Al, Zn and Mn were identified on the leaves of S.asoca and S.Cumini in all sites with varying concentrations out of which Fe (234.49mg/kg) and Al (364.18mg/kg) were higher level. Pb was identified only on the leaves of S.asoca in the sites 2 (2.21mg/kg) and site 4 (2.81mg/kg) which are subjected to heavy traffic and Cu was found only in site 3 and site 4 with minimum levels. The metals such as As, Cd, Cr was not identified on both species in all selected sites. Absorption of heavy metals on the leaves was probably due to emissions from vehicle, nonemission sources and mainly from other man-made activities. This work showed that both the selected species S.asoca and S.Cumini were suitable bio indicators, bio-monitors and used as greenbelt around the industrial areas for the mitigation of pollutants in the environment.
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