Efficiency of a Free-Living Physical Activity Promotion Program Following Diet Modification for Fat Loss in Japanese Obese Men

Abstract

384Weight loss can be induced by diet and exercise. Although weight loss resulting from the combination of diet and exercise can be significant (211.4%), compared to diet (211.1%) or exercise (23.5%) alone (1), the combination of diet and exercise does not always achieve the same level of weight loss as diet and exercise alone (2, 3). A study by Martin et al. (4) reported that diet restriction resulted in reduced energy expenditure by physical activity (PA). This report suggested that a combination of simultaneous diet and exercise might compensate the efficiency of exercise-induced weight loss. However studies by Fogelholm et al. (5) and recommended the use of a weight-loss program that incorporates exercise after diet-induced weight loss. This approach resulted in successful weight loss (men: 13.2 kg in 8 mo, women: 13.8 kg in 12 mo). As many obese individuals are sedentary and are at risk of knee or back injuries during exercise secondary to excess weight, the initiation of exercise after weight loss may be a better approach from both the weight-loss and safety standpoints (7-9).Although PA is well known to prevent obesity, all individuals do not lose the same amounts of weight in response to exercise. Bouchard et al. (10) reported the results from a highly controlled study in which participants were sequestered to an isolated research station. Energy intake was prescribed at a specific level to maintain baseline weight, and exercise was prescribed to create a 1,000 kcal daily energy deficit. Nevertheless, weight loss ranged from 23 to 212 kg. Donnelly et al. (11) conducted a randomised controlled exercise trial in which all exercises were performed under direct supervision, and total energy expenditure was measured according to the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. In this report, the range of weight change was 14 to 214 kg (12). SummaryThe aim of the current study was to examine the efficiency of a free-living physical activity promotion (PAP) program following a diet modification program for fat loss. Fifty obese men, aged 51.467.0 y, received a 6-mo regimen consisting of 2 phases. Weekly 90-min free-living PAP sessions were provided for 3 mo immediately after a 3-mo diet modification phase. Fat mass (FM) was measured at baseline and at months 3 and 6 using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The time spent in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was monitored by a validated single-axis accelerometer. The total energy intake of all participants was assessed at baseline and during weeks 9 and 10 of both the diet modification and PAP programs. The change (D) in FM was 21.461.9 kg (p,0.05) during the PAP program after the diet modification program (24.362.9 kg, p,0.01). Although there was no significant relationship between DFM and DMVPA during the PAP phase (p50.11), MVPA was significantly increased during the PAP phase (176.06146.5 min/wk, p,0.01). However, a significant correlation was observed between energy intake/weight and MVPA during the PAP program (r50.39). Our results suggest that the magn...

An Updated Review of Interventions that Include Promotion of Physical Activity for Adult Men

“…Although some programs were offered to both men and women ( n = 11), the majority were men-only programs ( n = 20). Programs offered opportunities for structured/supervised physical activity in group sessions (usually combined with recommendations that participants complete additional physical activity individually) [ 34 , 35 , 38 , 43 , 45 , 46 , 48 , 49 , 53 , 54 , 57 , 61 , 64 , 67 , 70 ], in individual, face-to-face sessions (e.g., with a personal trainer) [ 62 , 63 ], or simply encouraged participants to exercise on their own [ 39 – 42 , 44 , 47 , 50 – 52 , 55 , 56 , 58 – 60 , 65 , 66 , 68 , 69 ].…”

“…In these programs no supervised exercise sessions were included. In contrast, four programs that used accelerometers/pedometers plus supervised group physical activity resulted in an increase in physical activity [ 34 , 43 , 45 , 48 , 49 ].…”

“…PA (minutes and sessions of PA) was increased in both the print-based and the information-technology-based intervention groups Other outcomes: Dietary behaviours were significantly improved in both groups, health literacy was improved, and over half of the participants in each group were satisfied with the PA challenge. Use of the information technology platform was not associated with PA or dietary behaviour Eto et al [ 43 ] Pre-post 50 Men with BMI >25 kg/m 2 40–64 years Japan No Male-only sample Group-based Face-to-face Body weight, BMI, fat mass, fat-free mass, % fat mass, intra-abdominal fat area, subcutaneous fat area, SBP, DBP, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, Fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, V O 2peak , total energy intake, and PA Free-living Physical Activity Promotion Weight Loss Program (consisted of 2 phases. First, the 3 month diet modification program included weekly (90 min) instructional sessions, individual counselling, lectures on low-calorie diets and eating behaviors.…”

A Single Motivational Lecture Can Promote Modest Weight Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…Basic principle to lose weight [18][19][20][21] How to reduce your dietary intake [22][23][24] How to increase your energy expenditure by physical activity 25 Basic regimen for a weight loss program 26 Graphical representation of body fats and their equivalent amount of energy 27…”

“…The participants were also given typical weight management recommendations about diet and exercise as well as other behavioral modifications. The recommendations involved an energyrestricted diet of 1,200 kcal/day for women and 1,600 kcal/day for men [15,19,20] and a minimum of 1,000 kcal/week of physical activity [21]. However, each target weight and behavior objective in terms of diet and physical activity was set by the participants themselves.…”