Efficiency improvement techniques at low power levels for linear CDMA and WCDMA power amplifiers

Fowler, Thomas L.; Burger, K.; Cheng, Nai-Shuo; Samelis, A.; Enobakhare, E.; Rohlfing, S.

doi:10.1109/rfic.2002.1011506

Cited by 70 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…As a mobile communication standard is evolved toward 3G UMTS and 4G LTE, the importance of power amplifier (PA) efficiency is growing to extend the battery lifetime of mobile terminals [1]. The explosive demand for high-speed data transmission has now led handset PA researchers to focus on improvement of efficiency at high power levels, since 4G LTE PAs cover a wide bandwidth signal (10-20 MHz) and are mostly operated in the high output power region (>24 dBm) to maximize the data rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The explosive demand for high-speed data transmission has now led handset PA researchers to focus on improvement of efficiency at high power levels, since 4G LTE PAs cover a wide bandwidth signal (10-20 MHz) and are mostly operated in the high output power region (>24 dBm) to maximize the data rate. The efficiency enhancement at lowpower level (< 12 dBm) also remains important for extending talk-time of the voice-centric 2G/3G standards (backward compatibility); thus, this should be applied to PAs [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To enhance the efficiency in the low output power (Pout) level, several methods have been proposed [1][2][3][4]. Among these, an active stage-bypass technique is an attractive solution, because it can significantly reduce the average current consumption of a PA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Highly Efficient Dual-Mode 3G/4G Linear CMOS Stacked-FET Power Amplifier Using Active-Bypass

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Woo³

et al. 2014

Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science

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A highly efficient dual-mode linear CMOS stacked-FET power amplifier (PA) is implemented for 3G UMTS and 4G LTE handset applications. High efficiency is achieved at a backed-off output power (Pout) below 12 dBm by employing an active-bypass amplifier, which consumes very low quiescent current and has high load-impedance. The output paths between high-and low-power modes of the PA are effectively isolated by using a bypass switch, thus no RF performance degradation occurs at high-power mode operation. The fabricated 900 MHz CMOS PA using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS process operates with an idle current of 5.5 mA and shows power-added efficiency (PAE) of 20.5%/43.5% at Pout = 12.4 / 28.2 dBm while maintaining an adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) better than -39 dBc, using the 3GPP uplink W-CDMA signal. The PA also exhibits PAE of 35.1% and ACLRE-UTRA of -33 dBc at Pout = 26.5 dBm, using the 20 MHz bandwidth 16-QAM LTE signal. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ⓒ

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Highly Efficient Dual-Mode 3G/4G Linear CMOS Stacked-FET Power Amplifier Using Active-Bypass

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Woo³

et al. 2014

Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science

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“…It is worth noting that in the area of amplifier design, a good amplifier should be as linear as possible, corresponding to a smaller f 2 . The output power region shown in Figure 2 gives the normal output power range of a wireless unit [7]. From this curve, we can see that for every 3dB increase, or doubling, of the output power P out , the battery current I batt increases less than a factor of two.…”

Section: B Battery Drainmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Reference [7,Fig.2] gives the battery discharge current, I Batt , as a function of the output power of the amplifier, P out (in dBm), for a typical cellular band system. The figure given in [7], as well as other similar amplifier figures in the literature, can be modeled by…”

Section: B Battery Drainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal allocation of bandwidth for minimum battery consumption

Zhao

Cosman

Milstein

IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2005

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Abstract-In general, a power amplifier utilizes battery energy more efficiently with a higher transmission power. For a given message, a given bandwidth constraint and a given performance constraint, different allocations of the bandwidth among source coding, channel coding and modulation result in different amounts of battery usage. We propose a method to optimize the bandwidth allocation and minimize the battery consumption due to transmission. Our results show that with the optimal allocation, significant reduction in battery consumption can be achieved without sacrificing the system performance.

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Multi-mode Power Amplifiers for Wireless Handset Applications

Deng

Larson

2009

Series on Integrated Circuits and Systems

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Efficiency improvement techniques at low power levels for linear CDMA and WCDMA power amplifiers

Cited by 70 publications

References 2 publications

A Highly Efficient Dual-Mode 3G/4G Linear CMOS Stacked-FET Power Amplifier Using Active-Bypass

A Highly Efficient Dual-Mode 3G/4G Linear CMOS Stacked-FET Power Amplifier Using Active-Bypass

Optimal allocation of bandwidth for minimum battery consumption

Multi-mode Power Amplifiers for Wireless Handset Applications

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