NaYF 4 nanoparticles are doped into PCDTBT:PCBM blend as a dual function additive to improve light absorption of inverted polymer solar cells. The dependence of device performance on NaYF 4 in the blend film is investigated. The results show that the short-circuit current density is apparently enhanced by doping NaYF 4 into the active layer while maintaining the open-circuit voltage and fill factor, leading to an increase in power conversion efficiency. NaYF 4 maybe play two kinds of role for light absorption enhancement. Up-conversion (UC) emission from Y 3+ is observed. The scattering effect of NaYF 4 nanoparticles (NPs) enhances the light absorption in visible region. The performance of polymer solar cell doped with NaYF 4 is compared with that of undoped. The concept of integrating nanoparticles into active layer suggests a promising and practical pathway for improving absorption of polymer solar cells.