Efficiency and proportions of waste tyre pyrolysis products depending on the reactor type—A review

Innovative renewable routes are potentially able to sustain the transition to a decarbonized energy economy. Green synthetic fuels, including hydrogen and natural gas, are considered viable alternatives to fossil fuels. Indeed, they play a fundamental role in those sectors that are difficult to electrify (e.g., road mobility or high-heat industrial processes), are capable of mitigating problems related to flexibility and instantaneous balance of the electric grid, are suitable for large-size and long-term storage and can be transported through the gas network. This article is an overview of the overall supply chain, including production, transport, storage and end uses. Available fuel conversion technologies use renewable energy for the catalytic conversion of non-fossil feedstocks into hydrogen and syngas. We will show how relevant technologies involve thermochemical, electrochemical and photochemical processes. The syngas quality can be improved by catalytic CO and CO2 methanation reactions for the generation of synthetic natural gas. Finally, the produced gaseous fuels could follow several pathways for transport and lead to different final uses. Therefore, storage alternatives and gas interchangeability requirements for the safe injection of green fuels in the natural gas network and fuel cells are outlined. Nevertheless, the effects of gas quality on combustion emissions and safety are considered.

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“…Typical pyrolysis reactor configurations have been reviewed by numerous authors [469,475,481,485,486].…”

Section: Pyrolysis Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Synthetic Fuels: Renewable Routes for the Conversion of Non-Fossil Feedstocks into Gaseous Fuels and Their End Uses

et al. 2020

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“…Due to the restricted scope of this paper, the drawings of reactors in the cited works are omitted here, especially that they can be accessed in [1]. In addition, Table 1 summarizes the reasoning underlying the analysis of the optimal parameters of limonene production (temperature, pressure, heating rate, residence time of gaseous products in the reactor, particle size of rubber waste, etc.)…”

Section: Analysis Of the Literature With Respect To Limonene Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper also discusses the optimum operating conditions for the production of dl-limonene and its separation from the pyrolysis oil. The Pyrocycling TM pilot plant is illustrated diagrammatically in [1,56,66,70,119] The main element of the large-scale experimental vacuum pyrolysis unit is a 3-m long semi-continuous reactor, with a diameter of 0.6 m. Two horizontal plates, each 0.35 m wide, are placed inside the tube of this reactor, one above the other. Both are heated by eutectic molten salts, circulating countercurrently with the feedstock through the tubes.…”

Section: The Pyrocycling Tm Technology As Exemplifying Limonene Produmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have reviewed all the publications related to the pyrolysis of used tyres and rubber waste that we were able to access in order to extract information on reactor design, operating principles, technological procedures and mass yields of pyrolytic products, i.e., oil, gas, residual solids and their proportions. The comparison of those results and type of reactors were compered elsewhere [1]. However, even in these publications, due to limited scope, we were unable to include considerations of limonene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, even in these publications, due to limited scope, we were unable to include considerations of limonene. The issues relating to limonene not treated in [1] are therefore examined in the present paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Waste Tyres Pyrolysis for Obtaining Limonene

Januszewicz

Kazimierski

Kosakowski³

et al. 2020

Materials

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This review deals with the technologies of limonene production from waste tyre pyrolysis. Thermal decomposition is attractive for tackling the waste tyre disposal problem, as it enables both: energy to be recovered and limonene to be obtained. This material management recycling of tyres is environmentally more beneficial than the burning of all valuable products, including limonene. Given this recoverability of materials from waste tyres, a comprehensive evaluation was carried out to show the main effect of process conditions (heating rate, temperature, pressure, carrier gas flow rate, and type of volatile residence and process times) for different pyrolytic methods and types of apparatus on the yield of limonene. All the results cited are given in the context of the pyrolysis method and the type of reactor, as well as the experimental conditions in order to avoid contradictions between different researchers. It is shown that secondary and side reactions are very sensitive to interaction with the above-mentioned variables. The yields of all pyrolytic products are also given, as background for limonene, the main product reported in this study.

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Effect of Pyrolysis Carbon Black from Waste Tire on the Mechanical Properties of SSBR/BR Blend

Zhang

Wang

Jiang

2022

Macro Materials & Eng

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Pyrolysis carbon black (PCB) is a main product during the pyrolysis of waste tires. Using PCB to partially replace carbon black has drawn great attention. Herein, PCB is used to replace commercial carbon black N234 in a solution‐polymerized styrene‐butadiene rubber (SSBR)/butadiene rubber (BR)/silica compound used for tire treads. The influence of liquid polyisoprene (LIR) on the SSBR/BR/silica compound is studied. The scorch time of the compound is prolonged and the curing rate increases when N234 is partially replaced by PCB, and the processing performance of the compound is improved after the addition of LIR. As N234 is partially replaced by PCB, the addition of LIR can increase the tensile strength and elongation at break of SSBR/BR/silica vulcanizates, and improve their ageing resistance. When 50% N234 is replaced by PCB in the presence of LIR, the rolling resistance and wet grip of SSBR/BR/silica vulcanizate are improved, while the abrasion resistance slightly decreased. In the presence of liquid polyisoprene, PCB can be successfully used to partially replace common carbon black in tire rubber compounds without compromising properties.

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Efficiency and proportions of waste tyre pyrolysis products depending on the reactor type—A review

Cited by 184 publications

References 111 publications

Green Synthetic Fuels: Renewable Routes for the Conversion of Non-Fossil Feedstocks into Gaseous Fuels and Their End Uses

Green Synthetic Fuels: Renewable Routes for the Conversion of Non-Fossil Feedstocks into Gaseous Fuels and Their End Uses

Waste Tyres Pyrolysis for Obtaining Limonene

Effect of Pyrolysis Carbon Black from Waste Tire on the Mechanical Properties of SSBR/BR Blend

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