Efficacy of xylazine in neonatal calves via different routes of administration

Ede, Thomas; Keyserlingk, Marina A. G. von; Weary, Daniel M.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.02.012

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The HR and MAP were lowered after the initial injection of XYL‐KET and continued to decline up to 45 min (Blaze et al, 1988). The efficacy of XYL administered via different routes (IM, subcutaneous (SC), intranasal (IN)) was evaluated in Holstein neonatal calves (Ede et al, 2019). The treatments (IM and SC) produced an onset of sedation (min) (4.8 ± 2.0 and 6.8 ± 2.2, respectively), and duration of sedation (min) (60.3 ± 25.5 and 61.9 ± 23.3, respectively).…”

Section: Alpha2‐adrenergic Agonists In Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of α₂‐adrenergic agonists combined with anesthetics and their implication in pulmonary intravascular macrophages‐insulted pulmonary edema and hypoxemia in ruminants

Abouelfetouh

Salah

Ding

et al. 2021

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Alpha2‐adrenergic agonists have been implicated in the development of pulmonary edema (PE) and sustained hypoxemia that lead to life‐threatening pulmonary distress in ruminants, especially with sensitive and compromised animals. Recently, there is limited understanding of exact mechanism underlying pulmonary alterations associated with α2‐adrenergic agonist administration. Ruminants have a rich population of pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs) in the pulmonary circulation, which may be involved in the development of pulmonary alveolo‐capillary barrier damage. Hence, the central thesis of this review is overviewing the literatures regarding the systemic use of α2‐adrenergic agonists in domestic ruminants, focusing on their pulmonary side effects, especially on the influence of PIMs on the lung. At this moment, further studies are needed to provide a clear emphasis and better understanding of the potential role of PIMs in the lung pathophysiology associated with α2‐adrenergic agonists. These preliminary studies would be potentially to develop future medications and intervention targets that may be helpful to alleviate or prevent the critical striking pulmonary effects, and thereby improving the safety of α2‐agonist application in ruminants.

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Section: Alpha2‐adrenergic Agonists In Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of α₂‐adrenergic agonists combined with anesthetics and their implication in pulmonary intravascular macrophages‐insulted pulmonary edema and hypoxemia in ruminants

Abouelfetouh

Salah

Ding

et al. 2021

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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“…The drug has brought abrupt changes in the cardiopulmonary function including a reduction in the heart rate, respiratory rate, and cardiac output and inducing fluctuation of blood pressure and oxygen tension. These changes have been selectively studied through intra-arterial catheterization, blood gas analysis, M-mode echocardiography, and electrocardiography in different animal species including cattle [24], donkey [25,26], calves [27,28], and goats [29,30]. As far as we concern, exploration of animal models may require anesthesia, but under farm conditions, the effect of short-term tranquilization with xylazine on quantitative echocardiography measurement was not previously studied in goats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Cardiac Functions Using Full Conventional Echocardiography with Tissue Doppler Imaging before and after Xylazine Sedation in Male Shiba Goats

Mandour

Samir

Yoshida

et al. 2020

Animals

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The present study aimed to provide a complete conventional echocardiographic protocol in adult male Shiba goats by using two-dimensional, M-mode, Pulsed Wave Doppler, and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) echocardiography, and to study concomitantly xylazine-induced alteration of cardiac functions in a highly sensitive species. For this purpose, 12 male Shiba goats were included and complete conventional echocardiography from the standard right and left parasternal views was carried to report the echocardiographic data in male Shiba goats, and also before and after xylazine (Pre-Xyl and Post-Xyl) administration (0.05 mg/IM/kg). Results revealed that the full echocardiographic protocol was feasible in all goats through different cardiac windows and good Doppler alignment was achieved with non-significant variability for assessment of the left ventricular dimensions, trans-pulmonary, trans-aortic, and trans-mitral blood flow. The TDI, which was not reported previously in goats, was successfully assessed from the standard left apical view and showed distinct systolic and diastolic patterns. Xylazine administration was found to significantly reduce heart rate, fractional shortening, and cardiac output as well as the Doppler hemodynamic parameters of the pulmonary artery, aortic and mitral inflows (p < 0.05). For TDI, the Post-Xyl group revealed a significant decrease in the myocardial velocities of the septal and lateral wall of the left ventricle. The present study provides, for the first time, complete data of conventional echocardiography in male goats using the full protocol, which is routinely used in pet’s practice. Further, we illustrate in-depth the adverse effect of short-term sedative, xylazine, as used under field conditions and emphasize a simultaneous reduction in both systolic and diastolic cardiac function in goats based on full echocardiography assessment of the heart.

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“…Medetomidine, an α 2 -adrenoceptor agonist, is widely used as a sedative or analgesic in veterinary medicine [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. In addition to medetomidine, other α 2 -adrenoceptor agonists such as detomidine [9][10][11], dexmedetomidine [1,[12][13][14], xylazine [4,7,9,14,15], and romifidine [9,10,[16][17][18][19][20] are also used clinically in many domestic species. Furthermore, some α 2 -adrenoceptor agonists, including medetomidine, are administered not only alone, but also in combination with other drugs, such as opioids, benzodiazepine, phenothiazine, and ketamine [3,5,6,8,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Intramuscular Medetomidine Administration on Tear Flow in Rats

Kanda

Mizoguchi

Furumoto

et al. 2020

Veterinary Sciences

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Medetomidine has been reported to decrease tear flow significantly in dogs, cats, and pigs when used as a sedative or analgesic; however, there are no such reports when it comes to rats. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of medetomidine on tear flow in rats. Medetomidine in doses of 50, 100, or 200 µg/kg or a physiological saline solution as the control, were administered intramuscularly to male Slc:Wistar/ST rats. After the administration of medetomidine, tear flow in both eyes was measured using a phenol red thread tear test. The area under the curve (AUC) of phenol red thread test values from baseline to 8 h was calculated. Data were plotted against the dose of medetomidine and simple linear regression analysis was performed. The effect of the drug on phenol red thread test values was considered dose-related when linear analysis yielded a significant relationship. In all medetomidine-treated groups, tear flow decreased significantly in both eyes after administration, while no significant changes were observed in either eye in the control group. The AUC values from baseline to 8 h after administration in groups treated with 100 and 200 µg/kg of medetomidine were significantly lower in both the left and right eyes compared to the control group. The linear regression of the AUC values was significant for both eyes. Our results indicated that the intramuscular administration of medetomidine in rats decreased tear flow significantly in a dose-dependent manner.

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Efficacy of xylazine in neonatal calves via different routes of administration

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Application of α₂‐adrenergic agonists combined with anesthetics and their implication in pulmonary intravascular macrophages‐insulted pulmonary edema and hypoxemia in ruminants

Application of α₂‐adrenergic agonists combined with anesthetics and their implication in pulmonary intravascular macrophages‐insulted pulmonary edema and hypoxemia in ruminants

Assessment of the Cardiac Functions Using Full Conventional Echocardiography with Tissue Doppler Imaging before and after Xylazine Sedation in Male Shiba Goats

Effect of Intramuscular Medetomidine Administration on Tear Flow in Rats

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Efficacy of xylazine in neonatal calves via different routes of administration

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Application of α2‐adrenergic agonists combined with anesthetics and their implication in pulmonary intravascular macrophages‐insulted pulmonary edema and hypoxemia in ruminants

Application of α2‐adrenergic agonists combined with anesthetics and their implication in pulmonary intravascular macrophages‐insulted pulmonary edema and hypoxemia in ruminants

Assessment of the Cardiac Functions Using Full Conventional Echocardiography with Tissue Doppler Imaging before and after Xylazine Sedation in Male Shiba Goats

Effect of Intramuscular Medetomidine Administration on Tear Flow in Rats

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Application of α₂‐adrenergic agonists combined with anesthetics and their implication in pulmonary intravascular macrophages‐insulted pulmonary edema and hypoxemia in ruminants

Application of α₂‐adrenergic agonists combined with anesthetics and their implication in pulmonary intravascular macrophages‐insulted pulmonary edema and hypoxemia in ruminants