Efficacy of the Nitrification Inhibitor 3,4 Dimethylpyrazol Succinic Acid (DMPSA) when Combined with Calcium Ammonium Nitrate and Ammonium Sulphate—A Soil Incubation Experiment

Abstract

The efficacy of the new nitrification inhibitor 3,4 dimethylpyrazol succinic acid (DMPSA) was tested with calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) and ammonium sulphate (AS) fertilisers in an incubation experiment using a sandy loam soil and a sandy textured soil. The experiment was conducted over 80 days. For AS fertiliser, inclusion of DMPSA resulted in significantly less NO3−-N present after 19 days in both soils. In the case of CAN, inclusion of DMPSA resulted in significantly less NO3−-N present after 45 days in the sandy loam soil and after 30 days in the sandy soil. DMPSA is effective nitrification inhibitor when combined with CAN and AS, with a mean reduction of 61% and 58%, respectively, in the average daily nitrification rate over the study period. Over the 80-day incubation period in the sandy loam soil, only 35% NH4+-N was converted to NO3−-N for AS + DMPSA compared to 88% for AS. In the sandy soil, 92% NH4+-N was converted to NO3−-N for AS compared with only 9% for AS + DMPSA by day 80. The results demonstrate that DMPSA is an effective nitrification inhibitor when combined with CAN and AS.

A Novel High Temperature Resistant and Multifunctional Nitrification Inhibitor: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application

“…The effective component for nitrification inhibition in DMPP is DMPZ that is volatile. Even complexed with inorganic acids like H 3 PO 4 , the DMPP is still easily hydrolyzed and volatilized . Therefore, in this paper, DMPZ was first complexed with silicic acid, and then acrylic acid and sodium acrylate were polymerized around the complex to form the protective polymer.…”

“…Even complexed with inorganic acids like H 3 PO 4 , the DMPP is still easily hydrolyzed and volatilized. 12 Therefore, in this paper, DMPZ was first complexed with silicic acid, and then acrylic acid and sodium acrylate were polymerized around the complex to form the protective polymer. Thus, the DMPZ was wrapped inside the polymer and the volatilization of DMPZ was prevented.…”

“…10,11 The introduction of NIs into compound fertilizers can effectively reduce the nutrients loss of fertilizers in soil. 12 However, the industrialized NIs, like 2-chloro-6(trichloromethyl)pyridine (CP), dicyandiamide (DCD), and 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), are easily volatilized and photolyzed and cannot resist to high temperature. 11,13 That limits their applications in the high tower melt granulation process, which is a simple, efficient, and green method for mass production of compound fertilizers.…”

“…Most of them are lost in gaseous form or are leached from soil. − One common reason is that the nitrogen fertilizer is rapidly hydrolyzed to ammonium nitrogen (NH4 + -N) in soil and ammonium nitrogen is further nitrified into nitrite nitrogen (NO 2 – -N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 – -N) under the action of nitrifying bacteria . One strategy to overcome this problem is increasing the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer or applying NIs to improve crop yield. , However, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer wastes resources, increases planting cost, reduces the quality of agricultural products, and pollutes the ecological environment. , Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) can inhibit the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and thus slow down the conversion of NH 4 + -N to NO 3 – -N, so as to effectively extend the validity period of nitrogen fertilizer and improve the nitrogen uptake by crops. , The introduction of NIs into compound fertilizers can effectively reduce the nutrients loss of fertilizers in soil . However, the industrialized NIs, like 2-chloro-6­(trichloromethyl)­pyridine (CP), dicyandiamide (DCD), and 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), are easily volatilized and photolyzed and cannot resist to high temperature. , That limits their applications in the high tower melt granulation process, which is a simple, efficient, and green method for mass production of compound fertilizers. − The report on the successful introduction of these NIs into compound fertilizer through the high tower melt granulation process has not been found yet.…”

Evidences towards deciphering the mode of action of dimethylpyrazole-based nitrification inhibitors in soil and pure cultures of Nitrosomonas europaea

“…More recently, another dimethylpyrazole-based NI, 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid isomeric mixture (DMPSA), has been developed. DMPSA presents a succinic acid covalently bond to the dimethylpyrazole (DMP) ring, instead of a phosphate group as in the case of DMPP, increasing its stability, which allows its use with other fertilizers such as calcium ammonium nitrate or diammonium phosphate that cannot be combined with DMPP [18]. In field conditions, both DMPP and DMPSA show a similar efficiency at inhibiting nitrification, reducing N 2 O emissions of around 50% while maintaining NH 4…”