Efficacy of SmartStax® insect-protected corn hybrids against corn rootworm: The value of pyramiding the Cry3Bb1 and Cry34/35Ab1 proteins

Head, Graham P.; Carroll, Matthew; Clark, Tom; Galvan, Tederson L.; Huckaba, Randy M.; Price, Paula A.; Samuel, Luke W.; Storer, Nicholas P.

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2013.11.025

Cited by 39 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…into an integrated pest management framework (Gassmann et al 2012, Cullen et al 2013. The move by industry to slowly replace single trait hybrids with pyramided corn hybrids should provide greater durability of rootworm-active Bt technologies (Onstad and Meinke 2010, Prasifka et al 2013, Head et al 2014), although it is unclear how pyramids that include a trait that is compromised by some level of resistance will perform over time in the field (Gassmann et al 2014). As new transgenic technologies are developed for western corn rootworm management, especially if they are less than high dose, it will be important to incorporate those into an integrated pest management framework at the time of commercialization and not wait until mitigation is needed in the field to take a multitactic approach to management.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of Nebraska Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations to Bt Corn Events

Wangila¹,

Gassmann²,

Petzold-Maxwell³

et al. 2015

Journal of Economic Entomology

193

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Transgenic plants have been widely adopted by growers to manage the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, in field corn. Because of reduced efficacy in some Nebraska fields after repeated use of Cry3Bb1-expressing hybrids, single plant bioassays were conducted in 2012 and 2013 to characterize the susceptibility of western corn rootworm populations to the rootwormactive proteins Cry3Bb1, mCry3A, and Cry34/35Ab1. Results demonstrate that there are heritable differences in susceptibility of Nebraska western corn rootworm populations to rootworm-active Bt traits. Proportional survival and corrected survival data coupled with field histories collectively support the conclusion that a level of field resistance to Cry3Bb1 has evolved in some Nebraska populations in response to selection pressure and that cross-resistance exists between Cry3Bb1 and mCry3A. There was no apparent cross-resistance between Cry34/35Ab1 and either Cry3Bb1 or mCry3A. The potential implications of these results on current and future corn rootworm management strategies are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of Nebraska Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations to Bt Corn Events

Wangila¹,

Gassmann²,

Petzold-Maxwell³

et al. 2015

Journal of Economic Entomology

193

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“…Practical experience with the history of GM traits developed for commercial use also shows no attention given to long-term thinking. This is evidenced by the fact that the development of resistance amongst weeds and insects to the GM traits was predicted from the outset and has now lead to a technological treadmill in which traits are now being stacked together as a management strategy (with some GM crops now containing up to 8 different traits, including the production of 6 different pesticides and tolerance to two different herbicides [75,76]). Of course since the profitability generated by patent protection is only available for a period of 20 years, commercial businesses are also not always motivated to consider long-term solutions and may prefer to generate products with a kind of "planned obsolescence".…”

Section: Develop and Use Gmos Responsiblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Should Organic Agriculture Maintain Its Opposition to GM? New Techniques Writing the Same Old Story

2016

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Abstract:Biotechnology is diversifying rapidly through the development and application of new approaches to genome editing and ongoing research into synthetic biology. Proponents of biotechnology are enthusiastic about these new developments and have recently begun calling for environmental movements to abandon their campaigns against Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and for organic agriculture to reconsider its exclusion of Genetic Modification (GM). In this article, we begin by describing the diversity of practices that cluster under both the terms GM and organic and show that although there is a clash of different cultures of agriculture at stake, there is also a spectrum of practices existing between these two poles. Having established the terms of the debate, we then go on to analyse whether the organic movement should reconsider its position on GM in light of new plant breeding techniques (NPBTs), using the criteria highlighted as important by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) in their 2016 draft revised position on GMOs. Through this analysis, we suggest that given the in-context-trajectory of biotechnology development, the continued narrow framing of agricultural problems and the ongoing exclusion of important socio-economic, political and cultural dimensions, the organic movement is justified in maintaining its opposition to GM in the face of NPBTs.

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“…Corn hybrids producing four types of Bt toxins (eCry3.1Ab, Cry3Bb1, mCry3A, and Cry34/35Ab1), either singly or as a pyramid, are commonly used for management of western corn rootworm (Al-Deeb and Wilde 2005, Storer et al 2006. Pyramided Bt hybrids provide better protection of corn roots from rootworm injury than the single-trait Bt corn (Prasifka et al 2013, Head et al 2014. Because Bt corn hybrids provide protection against insect pests, they can reduce the use of conventional insecticides (Phipps and Park 2002, Shelton et al 2002, Naranjo 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Field-Based Assessment of Resistance to Bt Corn by Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Shrestha¹,

Jakka²,

French³

et al. 2016

J Econ Entomol

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Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is a serious pest of corn and is managed with corn that produces insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Beginning in 2009, resistance to Cry3Bb1 corn, and severe injury to Cry3Bb1 corn in the field, was observed in Iowa. However, few data exist on how Cry3Bb1-resistant western corn rootworm interact with various management practices in the field. Using a field experiment, we measured adult emergence and feeding injury to corn roots for both Cry3Bb1-resistant and Cry3Bb1-susceptible populations of western corn rootworm when tested against various Bt corn hybrids and a soil-applied insecticide. Between 2012 and 2013, we evaluated five fields that were associated with greater than one node of feeding injury to Cry3Bb1 corn by western corn rootworm (i.e., problem-field populations), and a laboratory strain that had never been exposed to Bt corn (i.e., control population). Adult emergence for western corn rootworm and root injury to corn were significantly higher in problem-field populations than control populations for both Cry3Bb1 corn and mCry3A corn. By contrast, corn with Cry34/35Ab1, either alone or pyramided with Cry3Bb1, significantly reduced adult emergence and root injury in both problem fields and control fields. In problem fields, application of the soil-applied insecticide to Cry3Bb1 corn significantly reduced root injury, but not adult emergence. Our results are discussed in terms of developing strategies for managing western corn rootworm with resistance to Cry3Bb1 and mCry3A, and delaying the additional evolution of Bt resistance by this pest. KeywordsDiabrotica virgifera virgifera, Bt corn, cross-resistance, insect resistance management Disciplines Agronomy and Crop Sciences | Ecology and Evolutionary Biology | Entomology | Plant Breeding and Genetics CommentsThis article is published as Shrestha, Ram B., Siva RK Jakka, B. Wade French, and Aaron J. Gassmann. "Fieldbased assessment of resistance to Bt corn by western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." Journal of economic entomology 109, no. 3 (2016): 1399-1409. doi: 10.1093/jee/tow087. Posted with permission. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted.

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Efficacy of SmartStax® insect-protected corn hybrids against corn rootworm: The value of pyramiding the Cry3Bb1 and Cry34/35Ab1 proteins

Cited by 39 publications

References 35 publications

Susceptibility of Nebraska Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations to Bt Corn Events

Susceptibility of Nebraska Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations to Bt Corn Events

Should Organic Agriculture Maintain Its Opposition to GM? New Techniques Writing the Same Old Story

Field-Based Assessment of Resistance to Bt Corn by Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

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