Efficacy of orally administered ginseng stem and leaf in chickens

Abstract

: Ginseng has been widely used in Korea as a natural medicine due to its saponin contents. Although the total amount of ginseng stem and leaf saponins (GSLS) is 4~5 times higher than that of saponin in the root, the root is mainly used. This is due to two reasons: nervous system-stimulant activity of GSLS and pesticide residues in GSLS. In this study, residual agricultural pesticides were removed from GSLS using two types of bacterial treatments. Two GSLS treatment groups of chickens (GSLS-1 and GSLS-2) were established. The chickens were fed 0.4% GSLS-1 or GSLS-2 mixed with crop. We then evaluated the effects of GSLS on bodyweight and several immune parameters. At the end of the experiments, chickens fed GSLS-1 and red ginseng saponin had significantly higher growth rates (16.6% and 8.0%, respectively) compared to the vaccine control group treated with Noblis Salenvac-T. The group fed GSLS-1 also had the highest IgG titer that was significantly different at the end of experiments compared to the other groups. These findings imply that GSLS-1 is a good candidate feed additive for the chicken industry. Keywords

Effect of Roasting Time and Cryogenic Milling on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Dried Ginseng Powder

“…The ranges of each stage were set to 2-12 cycles, 5-15 CPSs, and 0.5-5 min. After cryogenic milling of ginseng treatments under different conditions, the treatments were classified according to particle size based on the Sauter mean diameter (defined as the diameter of a sphere that has the same volume/surface area ratio as a particle of interest), D [3,2]. In the range of each size, one treatment was selected as a representative condition.…”

“…In our preliminary study, the smallest particle size of ginseng was obtained with wet milling and cryogenic milling. The particle size of ginseng powder ground using wet milling (ginseng steeped in H 2 O was homogenized) was 114 µm, based on the D [3,2] value (data not shown). In contrast, the particle size of ginseng powder using cryogenic milling was significantly decreased to 14 µm based on the D [3,2] value (p < 0.05).…”

“…Meyer) has been known as general herbal medicine and functional food in south and southeast Asia for over 2000 years [1]. Ginseng root is more widely used than the leaf and stem of ginseng because of its lower residual pesticides [2]. Ginseng roots also have many bioactive constituents, such as ginsenosides, acidic polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds [3][4][5].…”

Effect of Roasting Time and Cryogenic Milling on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Dried Ginseng Powder

“…Therefore, roasting seemed to be an effective pretreatment for size reduction. [3,2]. Fifteen treatments were generated according to cycle, CPS (the number of back-and-forth cycles per second), and time conditions, and the larger the number of treatments, the larger is the particle size.…”

“…Meyer) has been known as general herbal medicine and functional food in south and southeast Asia for over 2,000 years [1]. Ginseng root is more widely used than the leaf and stem of ginseng because of residual pesticides [2]. Ginseng roots also have many bioactive constituents such as ginsenosides, acidic polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds [3][4][5].…”