Efficacy of Oral Rehydration Solutions in a Rat Model of Secretory Diarrhea

Rolston, D. D. K.; Borodo, M M; Kelly, Michael J.; Dawson, A M; Farthing, M. J. G.

doi:10.1097/00005176-198707000-00023

Cited by 59 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…CHO concentration was negatively correlated with water absorption in the duodenojejunum and the jejunum, but the correlation was attenuated from the duodenojejunum to the jejunum for the solutions containing a single CHO and remained for the solutions containing multiple CHOs. This is in agreement with previous findings that increasing CHO concentration in a CHO-E solution increased the osmolality and decreased water absorption (Cunha Ferreira et al, 1987;Rolston, Borodo, Kelly, Dawson, & Farthing, 1987). This inverse relationship became even more significant when the solution CHO concentration reached 8% and above for glucose or G3 (the corn-syrup solids contained many different short chains of glucose polymer; Gisolfi et al, 1992).…”

Section: Water Absorptionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Water and Solute Absorption From Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Solutions in the Human Proximal Small Intestine: A Review and Statistical Analysis

Shi

Passe²

2010

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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The purpose of this study is to summarize water, carbohydrate (CHO), and electrolyte absorption from carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO-E) solutions based on all of the triple-lumen-perfusion studies in humans since the early 1960s. The current statistical analysis included 30 reports from which were obtained information on water absorption, CHO absorption, total solute absorption, CHO concentration, CHO type, osmolality, sodium concentration, and sodium absorption in the different gut segments during exercise and at rest. Mean differences were assessed using independent-samples t tests. Exploratory multiple-regression analyses were conducted to create prediction models for intestinal water absorption. The factors influencing water and solute absorption are carefully evaluated and extensively discussed. The authors suggest that in the human proximal small intestine, water absorption is related to both total solute and CHO absorption; osmolality exerts various impacts on water absorption in the different segments; the multiple types of CHO in the ingested CHO-E solutions play a critical role in stimulating CHO, sodium, total solute, and water absorption; CHO concentration is negatively related to water absorption; and exercise may result in greater water absorption than rest. A potential regression model for predicting water absorption is also proposed for future research and practical application. In conclusion, water absorption in the human small intestine is influenced by osmolality, solute absorption, and the anatomical structures of gut segments. Multiple types of CHO in a CHO-E solution facilitate water absorption by stimulating CHO and solute absorption and lowering osmolality in the intestinal lumen.Keywords: exercise, intestinal perfusion, sports drink, osmolality Water, carbohydrate (CHO), and electrolyte (E) absorption have been investigated in humans at rest and during exercise using a triple-lumen tube intubationperfusion technique beginning in the early 1960s (Fordtran, Levitan, Bikerman, & Burrows, 1961;Fordtran & Saltin, 1967). The triple-lumen tube intubation-perfusion technique provides a precise measurement of transport rate of water and solute in vivo at a specific intestinal site. The measurement condition is kept under a physiologic functional state. Although this technique has been recognized as a gold standard for measuring intestinal water and solute absorption and is extensively used by many investigators to study intestinal transport mechanisms, gut permeability, and the efficacy of oral rehydration solutions (ORS) and sports drinks, there are still some limitations under certain conditions, such as bypassing gastric emptying, not measuring transport of the solution being perfused, and absorption of "nonabsorbed" marker (PEG 3600 or 4000; Schedl, Maughan, & Gisolfi, 1994).Although water and solute absorption under conditions of segmental perfusion of an isotonic solution are Metabolism, 2010, 20, 427-442 © 2010 Shi is with Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo Inc., Barrington, IL. Pas...

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Section: Water Absorptionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Water and Solute Absorption From Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Solutions in the Human Proximal Small Intestine: A Review and Statistical Analysis

Shi

Passe²

2010

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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“…However, in the absence of data on the unidirectional absorption of Na + , this cannot be established. Other studies have also failed to observe net Na + absorption with both the normal and cholera model 9,15,16 and some studies report net sodium absorption in secreting intestine only with ORS containing Na + at greater than 120 mmol/L.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of water and electrolyte movement from oral rehydration solutions (rice‐ and glucose‐based) across a normal and secreting gut using a dual isotope tracer technique in a rat perfusion model

Wall¹,

Bates²,

Cleghorn³

et al. 1997

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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Aims: To establish a model to measure bidirectional flow of water from a glucose oral rehydration solution (G‐ORS) and a newly developed rice‐based oral rehydration solution (R‐ORS) using a dual isotope tracer technique in a rat perfusion model. To measure net water, sodium and potassium absorption from the ORS. Method: In vivo steady‐state perfusion studies were carried out in normal and secreting (induced by cholera toxin) rat small intestine (n=11 in each group). To determine bidirectional flow of water from the ORS the animals were initially labelled with tritium, and deuterium was added to the perfusion solution. Sequential perfusate and blood samples were collected after attainment of steady‐state conditions and analysed for water and electrolyte content. Results: There was a significant increase in net water absorption from the R‐ORS compared to the G‐ORS in both the normal (P<0.02) and secreting intestine (P<0.05). Water efflux was significantly reduced in the R‐ORS group compared to the G‐ORS group in both the normal (P<0.01) and the secreting intestine (P<0.01). There was an increase in sodium absorption in the R‐ORS group compared to the G‐ORS. The G‐ORS produced a significantly greater blood glucose level at 75 min compared to the R‐ORS (P<0.03) in the secreting intestine. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the improved water absorption from a rice‐based ORS in both the normal and secreting intestine. Evidence that the absorption of water may be influenced by the osmolality of the ORS was also demonstrated.

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“…The abdomen was opened through a midline incision, and cannulas were inserted into the jejunum proximally (5 cm distal to the duodenojejunal junction) and 25 cm distally and fixed by ligation as described previously (46). The intestine was returned to the abdominal cavity, and the abdomen was closed.…”

Section: Intestinal Perfusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effect of experimental colitis on fluid absorption in rat jejunum: role of the enteric nervous system, VIP, and nitric oxide

Mourad¹,

Barada²,

Rached³

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Impairment of small intestinal absorption has been described in patients with ulcerative colitis and in animal models of experimental colitis. The pathophysiology of this dysfunction has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chemical colitis on jejunal fluid absorption and determine the role of the enteric nervous system and some putative neurotransmitters. In a rat model of iodoacetamide-induced colitis, jejunal net fluid absorption was evaluated by the in vivo single-pass perfusion technique. The effects of 1) tetrodotoxin (TTX), 2) benzylalkonium chloride (BAC), 3) capsaicin, 4) vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) antagonism, 5) nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) inhibition, and 6) 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 and 4 (5-HT3 and 5-HT4) receptor antagonism on the changes in fluid movement were investigated. A significant decrease in jejunal net fluid absorption was found 2 and 4 days after colitis induction: 26 (SD 14) and 28 (SD 19) μl·min−1·g dry intestinal wt−1, respectively [ P < 0.0002 compared with sham rats at 61 (SD 6.5) μl·min−1·g dry intestinal wt−1]. No histological changes were evident in jejunal sections. TTX and BAC reversed this decrease in fluid absorption: 54 (SD 13) and 44 (SD 14) μl·min−1·g dry intestinal wt−1 ( P = 0.0005 and P = 0.019, respectively, compared with colitis). Ablation of capsaicin-sensitive primary afferent fibers had a partial effect: 45 (SD 5) μl·min−1·g dry intestinal wt−1 ( P = 0.001 and P = 0.003 compared with colitis and sham, respectively). Constitutive and neuronal NOS inhibition and VIP antagonism returned jejunal net fluid absorption to normal values: 66 (SD 19), 61 (SD 5), and 56 (SD 14) μl·min−1·g dry intestinal wt−1, respectively. 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptor antagonism had no effect. Chemical colitis is associated with a significant decrease in jejunal net fluid absorption. This decrease is neurally mediated and involves VIP- and NO-related mechanisms.

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Efficacy of Oral Rehydration Solutions in a Rat Model of Secretory Diarrhea

Cited by 59 publications

References 0 publications

Water and Solute Absorption From Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Solutions in the Human Proximal Small Intestine: A Review and Statistical Analysis

Water and Solute Absorption From Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Solutions in the Human Proximal Small Intestine: A Review and Statistical Analysis

Studies of water and electrolyte movement from oral rehydration solutions (rice‐ and glucose‐based) across a normal and secreting gut using a dual isotope tracer technique in a rat perfusion model

Inhibitory effect of experimental colitis on fluid absorption in rat jejunum: role of the enteric nervous system, VIP, and nitric oxide

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