Efficacy of Movento to Control California Red Scale, 2006

Factors influencing the efficacy of two organophosphate insecticides in controlling California red scale,Aonidiella aurantii(Maskell). A basis for reducing spray application volume in Mediterranean conditions

“…Conversely, Chueca et al ., using mineral oils, did not find any influence of application volume on control of Coccus pseudomagnoliarum Kuwana; neither did Grafton‐Cardwell and Reagan using spirotetramat against CRS. In the present authors' opinion, this finding underlines not only the importance of the route of entry and the mode of action of the pesticide but also the biology of the target pest in all of these studies.…”

“…Few studies have analysed the effect of the spray application volume on the efficacy of pesticides used in citrus, and there has not been a conclusive result. Several authors have not found differences in control levels, but others have . Even fewer works have studied the influence of the application volume on the efficacy and the distribution and coverage of the spray in the canopy at the same time.…”

“…It started by including the independent variables, the two indicator variables and their interactions in the model. Then, the variable with the highest, Pest Manag Sci 2014; 70: [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] c 2013 Society of Chemical Industry non-significant P-value (α > 0.05) was eliminated, and the model was recalculated until all variables present in the model had significant coefficients. In all fitted models, all the assumptions of linear regression were checked.…”

Effect of Diet on Development and Reproduction of Pezothrips kellyanus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

“…In California, timing is considered vital to achieve adequate control of S. citri with a single application of a relatively short residual pesticide, so that destruction of beneficial organisms is minimized (Morse & Brawner 1986;Morse et al 1988). Spirotetramat has been registered recently against A. aurantii, Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae), and thrips (Grafton-Cardwell et al 2007;Grafton-Cardwell & Scott 2008;Morse & Grafton-Cardwell 2009;MAGRAMA 2014). Spirotetramat might be an especially useful insecticide as it could control A. aurantii and P. kellyanus with a single application in spring.…”

“…It is a tetramic acid derivative with a novel mode of action that interferes with lipid biosynthesis, leading to the death of immature stages of the target insect 2 to 10 d after application (IRAC 2014). Spirotetramat is active against a wide spectrum of sucking insects, including aphids, scales (soft and armored), mealybugs, whiteflies, psyllids, and selected thrips species (Grafton-Cardwell et al 2007). Therefore, it could be used against Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and P. kellyanus with a single application at the end of spring.…”