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A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of bentonite clay (BC), diatomaceous earth (DE) and turmeric powder (TUM) in alleviating the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). A total of 250 Ross-308 d-old male broiler chicks were assigned to 10 dietary treatments (5 replicates of 5 chicks) from hatch to d 21. Dietary treatments were: basal diet; basal diet plus AFB1 (2 mg) or BC (0.75%), or DE (0.75%), or TUM (200 mg/kg curcuminoids) and different combinations of AFB1, BC, DE and TUM. Feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG) and feed gain (FG) of the birds fed on BC or DE separately were not different from control birds. Birds fed on TUM only had similar FI and FG but lower BWG than control chicks. Aflatoxin B1 reduced FI, BWG and serum concentrations of glucose, albumin, total protein calcium, but increased FG and relative liver and kidney weights. Chicks fed on the combination of AFB1 and BC had similar FI and FG to control chicks. Chicks fed on the combination of DE and AFB1 had lower FI (23.1%) and BWG (28.6%) compared with control chicks. Chicks fed on the combination of TUM and AFB1 also had decreased FI (26.2 %) and BWG (31%) compared with control chicks. Chicks fed on the combination of AFB1, BC and TUM consumed significantly higher amounts of feed compared with chicks fed on only AF, but gained less when compared with control diet chicks. Chicks fed on the combination of AFB1, DE and TUM diet had poorer growth performance than those fed on AFB1 alone. None of the combination diets reduced the severity of liver lesions.
A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of bentonite clay (BC), diatomaceous earth (DE) and turmeric powder (TUM) in alleviating the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). A total of 250 Ross-308 d-old male broiler chicks were assigned to 10 dietary treatments (5 replicates of 5 chicks) from hatch to d 21. Dietary treatments were: basal diet; basal diet plus AFB1 (2 mg) or BC (0.75%), or DE (0.75%), or TUM (200 mg/kg curcuminoids) and different combinations of AFB1, BC, DE and TUM. Feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG) and feed gain (FG) of the birds fed on BC or DE separately were not different from control birds. Birds fed on TUM only had similar FI and FG but lower BWG than control chicks. Aflatoxin B1 reduced FI, BWG and serum concentrations of glucose, albumin, total protein calcium, but increased FG and relative liver and kidney weights. Chicks fed on the combination of AFB1 and BC had similar FI and FG to control chicks. Chicks fed on the combination of DE and AFB1 had lower FI (23.1%) and BWG (28.6%) compared with control chicks. Chicks fed on the combination of TUM and AFB1 also had decreased FI (26.2 %) and BWG (31%) compared with control chicks. Chicks fed on the combination of AFB1, BC and TUM consumed significantly higher amounts of feed compared with chicks fed on only AF, but gained less when compared with control diet chicks. Chicks fed on the combination of AFB1, DE and TUM diet had poorer growth performance than those fed on AFB1 alone. None of the combination diets reduced the severity of liver lesions.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the sorption properties in vitro and the application feasibility of modified halloysite nanotubes (HNT) in reducing the toxic effect of ZEN in rats in vivo. HNT were modified using the surfactant stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride. Modified HNT (MHNT) was evaluated using electron microscopy, which revealed that the modification had successfully enlarged the nanotube inner diameter from 11.35 to 20.12 nm. In an in vitro study, the efficiency of MHNT to adsorb zearalenone (ZEN) from simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) was investigated in comparison with HNT or a montmorillonite mixture (MON). For all tested adsorbents, the adsorption efficiency for ZEN was increased when the adsorbent dose rose from 0.4 to 1.0 mg/ml and became stable beyond this dose. Moreover, the ZEN adsorption increased with the extension of adsorption times from 20 to 90 min (SGF) and from 30 to 120 min (SIF) without further increase afterwards. Already at the first measuring times (20 and 30 min for SGF and SIF, respectively) MHNT showed a higher adsorptive property then HNT. The ability of MHNT to prevent lesions caused by ZEN was evaluated in 60 female rats. The rats received five experimental diets for two weeks: Control (per kg diet 0.001 mg ZEN); ZEN (0.5 mg ZEN), HNT (0.5 mg ZEN + 1% HNT), MHNT (0.5 mg ZEN + 1% MHNT) and MON (0.5 mg ZEN + 1% MON). The results indicated that the tested adsorbents mitigated toxic and estrogenic effects of ZEN exposure including changes in oxidative stress biomarkers and organ weights. In some parameters (gain, oestradiol content in serum and ZEN concentration in reproductive organs), MHNT exceeded the effectiveness of HNT. Thus, it can be concluded that the modification enhances the adsorbent properties of HNT and that MHNT can bind to ZEN in animal feed or in the gastrointestinal tract.
Article Information Efficacy of herbal mycotoxin binders in ameliorating induced mycotoxicosis was evaluated in white leghorn laying hens. Birds were randomly divided into six groups containing 15 birds in each group. Group I was served as control fed with basal diet, group II birds were fed with aflatoxins and ochratoxin A at 100 ppb each. Group III, IV, V and VI birds were fed with aflatoxins and ochratoxin A at 100ppb each and herbal mycotoxin binders Vilocym ® , Toxiroak ® ,Vilocym-Z ® in feed at 1 kg/tonne and AV/LBP/20 ® at 1 ml/litre in drinking water respectively for 10 weeks. The cultured rice and wheat samples were screened for presence of mycotoxins by LC-MS/MS method. Aflatoxins concentration in cultured rice sample was 826 ppb. Ochratoxin A concentration in cultured wheat sample was 8990 ppb. The hematological parametes viz., Hb, TEC, PCV showed signmificant decreased level in (Group II, III, IV, V and VI) compared to their respective control group. Similarly biochemical parameters viz., aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase showed significantly decreased level in treatred groups (Group II, III, IV, V and VI) compared to their respective control group. Serum albumin and serum total protein level significantly decreased in treatred groups (Group II, III, IV, V and VI) compared to their respective control group(Group I). Histopathology of Group II birds revealed toxic effects on liver and kidney. Supplementation of herbal mycotoxin binders in mycotoxicated feed showed improvement in all the parameters indicating that herbal mycotoxin binders reduce the severity of toxicity.
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