Efficacy of Elevated Water Temperature Treatment of Ayu Infected with the Microsporidian Glugea plecoglossi.

Takahashi, Sei; Ogawa, Kazuo

doi:10.3147/jsfp.32.193

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…It is widely documented that temperature has an effect on the rate of development of parasites, including microsporidial pathogens of fish (Olson 1981; Antonio & Hedrick 1995; Kim, Ogawa, Takahashi & Wakabayashi 1997). Temperature manipulation has therefore been advanced as a non‐pharmacological method of controlling microsporidian species like Glugea plecoglossi (Takahashi & Ogawa 1997). It has been used successfully for the control of L. salmonae in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), while still permitting the fish to develop immunity against this parasite (Speare, Beaman, Jones, Markham & Arsenault 1998b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal and aberrant tissue distribution of Loma salmonae (Microspora) within rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), following experimental infection at water temperatures within and outside of the xenoma‐expression temperature boundaries

Sánchez

Markham

2000

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Temperatures above 20°C or below 9°C interrupt the life cycle of the gill intracellular microsporidian parasite Loma salmonae (Microspora) prior to sporogony, inhibiting the production of xenomas. This study intended to characterize this life-cycle failure. Juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), were experimentally infected with L. salmonae spores, and the effect of water temperature on the progress of infection, as determined by polymerase chain reaction, was compared for fish held at water temperatures of 5, 15 and 21°C. At 15°C, parasite DNA was first detected in the heart (3 days post-exposure [PE]), and then in the gills and spleen (2 weeks PE). Branchial xenomas developed by week 4 PE. In contrast, at 5°C, the arrival of the parasite in the heart was delayed until 7 days PE. However, even though parasite DNA was detected in the gills at 7 days PE, xenomas failed to form in the gill, and by week 4 PE, parasite DNA was no longer detected. In fish held at 21°C, parasite DNA was detected in the heart, gills and spleen by 3 days post-infection, and similar results were observed at 7 days PE. Xenomas also failed to form in these fish and parasite DNA was no longer detected by week 2 PE. Within the range of temperatures tested in this study, spore germination and delivery of their DNA into the host through the intestinal wall was not blocked by temperature. At 5 or 21°C, migration to the heart and gills occurred, but at aberrant periods of time. The normal life cycle of L. salmonae may depend on the completion of relatively lengthy, but yet unknown, stages of development within the heart, prior to reaching the gill. This development may be adversely affected by temperature, and explain the temperature limits of this parasite.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal and aberrant tissue distribution of Loma salmonae (Microspora) within rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), following experimental infection at water temperatures within and outside of the xenoma‐expression temperature boundaries

Sánchez

Markham

2000

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…Although efficacy of the treatment depended largely on the developmental stage of the parasite present at the time of its usage (Takahashi and Ogawa, 1997), the treatment of cultured ayu with visible Glugea-cysts was quite effective (Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated Water Temperature Treatment of Ayu Infected with Glugea plecoglossi: Apparent Lack of Involvement of Antibody in the Effect of the Treatment.

et al. 1997

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The possibility of antibody-mediated effect of elevated water temperature treatment of Glugea-infected ayu was investigated by challenge test and ELISA.The treatment effectively reduced the prevalence and intensity of infection.In naturally infected fish, the prevalence of infection was significantly decreased by elevated water temperature treatment.The treatment was more effective in naturally infected fish treated thrice than those treated twice, as demonstrated by the smaller number of cysts in the former group of fish than in the latter. The antibody levels were also significantly increased by the treatment in naturally infected fish. However, in the experiment using unifected fish, no significant increase in the antibody levels by the treatment was seen, though the prevalence of infection was significantly decreased by the treatment. Through the challenge test, it was clear that the effect was temporary, and protective immunity was not confirmed by the treatment. These results sug gest that the effect may not be antibody-mediated. Thus it is recommended that the elevated water temperature treatment be repeated and applied with continuous monitoring of reinfection.

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“…It has been reported that water temperature influences develop ment of fish microsporidians in the hosts; Microsporidium takedai in salmonid fish (Awakura, 1974), Glugea plecoglossi in ayu (Plecoglosus altivelis) (Takahashi and Egusa, 1977;Takahashi and Ogawa, 1997), Heterosporis (= Pleistophora) anguillarum in eel (Anguilla japonica) (Kanou and Fukui, 1982), and Enterocytozoon salmonis in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) (Anto nio and Hedrick, 1995 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Beko Disease Caused by Microsporidium seriolae (Microspora) in Hatchery-Reared Juvenile Yellowtail.

Sano

Sato²,

Yokoyama

1998

Fish Pathol.

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Hatchery-produced juvenile yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) were transferred from an indoor tank to sea netpens on June 20, June 30, July 10 and July 31, 1995 (4 groups), and each group was monitored at about 10 day intervals for Microsporidium seriolae, the causative agent of beko disease. Water temperature gradually in creased during the study period, ranging from 20.8 to 30.2°C. In the first 3 fish groups, almost all fish were found to be infected. However, prevalence of infection in the last fish group was much lower than in the other groups. Groups which were transferred later attained their maximum prevalence of infection within a shorter period. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of water temperature and fish size on the development of M. seriolae in juvenile yellowtail. Two different fish size classes (average body weight 0.3 g and 22.0 g) were infected with M. seriolae to a similar extent. In the histological examination, the development of M. seriolae and host recovery were accelerated in fish reared at 25°C compared to those kept at 20°C.

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Efficacy of Elevated Water Temperature Treatment of Ayu Infected with the Microsporidian Glugea plecoglossi.

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Normal and aberrant tissue distribution of Loma salmonae (Microspora) within rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), following experimental infection at water temperatures within and outside of the xenoma‐expression temperature boundaries

Normal and aberrant tissue distribution of Loma salmonae (Microspora) within rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), following experimental infection at water temperatures within and outside of the xenoma‐expression temperature boundaries

Elevated Water Temperature Treatment of Ayu Infected with Glugea plecoglossi: Apparent Lack of Involvement of Antibody in the Effect of the Treatment.

Occurrence of Beko Disease Caused by Microsporidium seriolae (Microspora) in Hatchery-Reared Juvenile Yellowtail.

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