Efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation in patients with mild cognitive impairment treated with cholinesterase inhibitors

Rozzini, Luca; Costardi, Daniela; Chilovi, Barbara Vicini; Franzoni, Simone; Trabucchi, Marco; Padovani, Alessandro

doi:10.1002/gps.1681

Cited by 210 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The majority of participants (n=559 from 13 studies) were diagnosed with MCI but 38.5% of the total number of studies included were of participants with dementia (n=159 from 5 studies), while two studies combined individuals living with MCI and dementia (52, 58). Petersen's criteria (59) was applied in six studies (43,46,48,58,60,61); a standardized clinical criteria consistent with recommendation of an international consensus committee (62) was applied in two studies (44,45); the Clinical Dementia Scale (63) was applied in one study (57); and a cut off of 1.5 standard deviations below age norms on a neurocognitive battery (47) was applied in one study (57). Due to inconsistencies in Alzheimer's Disease and dementia terminology in the literature and among clinicians, we refer below to dementia as the generic term.…”

Section: Participant Characteristics and Sample Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…pharmacological treatment among the participants was reported by two studies (43,60) and a steady dose (> 2 months) of medication was an inclusion criteria for six studies (44,45,52,56,61,65). …”

Section: Participant Characteristics and Sample Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three studies included a no contact/waitlist control (47,60,61) and two studies cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) only control (56,60). Nine studies included an active control (39, 42, 44-46, 48, 55, 57, 65), which involved participants participating in activities for an equivalent time as the intervention group.…”

Section: Control Group Typementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CT consisted of using a range of software packages designed to improve cognitive function ( Table 3). The most frequently used was NeuroPsychological Training (TNP), an Italian multi-dimensional software package targeted at multidomain cognition (52,58,60,65), followed by Post Science's Brain Fitness software program which targeted auditory processing (54,55). Multi-modal interventions combined CCT with: psychosocial stimulation and ChEIs (56), therapist led CT (43) and occupational therapy (OT), behavioural training (BT) and physical rehabilitation (58).…”

Section: Cct and Vrct Intervention Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five studies assessed the effect of CCT on language, however no significant improvements in intervention groups for individuals living with MCI and dementia were shown (43,44,56,60,65). The Boston Naming Test was used in two studies (44,56) and order and text comprehension (43), category and letter fluency (43,60) (Table ) but effect sizes were small (d<.30) and did not reach significance.…”

Section: Language Verbal Fluency and Executive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Computerized and Virtual Reality Cognitive Training for Individuals at High Risk of Cognitive Decline: Systematic Review of the Literature

Coyle

Traynor

Solowij

2015

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

220

143

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The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of cognitive training, specifically computerized cognitive training (CCT) and virtual reality cognitive training (VRCT), programs for individuals living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia and therefore at high risk of cognitive decline. After searching a range of academic databases (CINHAL, PSYCinfo, and Web of Science), the studies evaluated (N = 16) were categorized as CCT (N = 10), VRCT (N = 3), and multimodal interventions (N = 3). Effect sizes were calculated, but a meta-analysis was not possible because of the large variability of study design and outcome measures adopted. The cognitive domains of attention, executive function, and memory (visual and verbal) showed the most consistent improvements. The positive effects on psychological outcomes (N = 6) were significant reductions on depressive symptoms (N = 3) and anxiety (N = 2) and improved perceived use of memory strategy (N = 1). Assessments of activities of daily living demonstrated no significant improvements (N = 8). Follow-up studies (N = 5) demonstrated long-term improvements in cognitive and psychological outcomes (N = 3), and the intervention groups showed a plateau effect of cognitive functioning compared with the cognitive decline experienced by control groups (N = 2). CCT and VRCT were moderately effective in long-term improvement of cognition for those at high risk of cognitive decline. Total intervention time did not mediate efficacy. Future research needs to improve study design by including larger samples, longitudinal designs, and a greater range of outcome measures, including functional and quality of life measures, to assess the wider effect of cognitive training on individuals at high risk of cognitive decline.

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