Cognition-based interventions for healthy older people and people with mild cognitive impairment

Martin, Mike; Clare, Linda; Altgassen, Anne Mareike; Cameron, Michelle; Zehnder, Franzisca

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006220.pub2

Cited by 268 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Effective interventions can be considered in terms of improvements in performance on targeted cognitive tasks, maintenance of improved performance over time, transfer of training effects to different tasks within the same cognitive domain (near transfer) or other domains (far transfer), and generalisation of effects to everyday functioning. (Klingberg, 2010;Martin et al, 2011). Maintenance; or the temporal durability of training effects after the intervention has ceased, has been reported in several RCTs of cognitive training (Rebok et al, 2007;Reijnders et al, 2012;Verhaeghen, 2000), however evidence for transfer is somewhat limited (Owen et al, 2010;Papp et al, 2009).…”

Section: Page 4 Of 32mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generalisation of training effects to everyday functioning is of particular importance if cognitive interventions are to impact older adults" cognition and independence in a meaningful way. Evidence for generalisation is limited however, as cognitive intervention RCT"s and reviews rarely include everyday functioning as an outcome measure (Martin et al, 2011).…”

Section: Page 4 Of 32mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In line with a recent Cochrane review (see Martin et al, 2011) cognitive outcome measures were grouped into separate ability subgroups within each cognitive domain. This allowed for the pooling of data that were deemed as homogeneous as possible.…”

Section: Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cognitive training comprises specifically designed training programs that provide guided practice on a standard set of cognitive tasks, aimed at improving performance in one or more cognitive domains (Martin et al, 2011). While a number of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that cognitive training can improve cognitive performance in healthy older adults (Reijnders et al, 2012), improvements often do not exceed those seen in active control conditions (Martin et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While a number of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that cognitive training can improve cognitive performance in healthy older adults (Reijnders et al, 2012), improvements often do not exceed those seen in active control conditions (Martin et al, 2011). Furthermore cognitive training can lack ecological validity, with little evidence of generalizability to everyday cognitive tasks (Papp et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The impact of cognitive training and mental stimulation on cognitive and everyday functioning of healthy older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Kelly

Loughrey

Lawlor

et al. 2014

Ageing Research Reviews

382

277

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Section: Page 4 Of 32mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Page 4 Of 32mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selection Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The impact of cognitive training and mental stimulation on cognitive and everyday functioning of healthy older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Kelly

Loughrey

Lawlor

et al. 2014

Ageing Research Reviews

382

277

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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The Diagnosis and Management of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Langa

Levine

2014

JAMA

919

700

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Importance Cognitive decline is a common and feared aspect of aging. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is defined as the “symptomatic pre-dementia stage” on the continuum of cognitive decline, characterized by objective impairment in cognition that is not severe enough to require help with usual activities of daily living. Objective To present evidence on the diagnosis,treatment, and prognosis of MCI, and to provide physicians with an evidence-based framework for caring for older MCI patients and their caregivers. Evidence Acquisition We searched PubMed for English-language articles in peer-reviewed journals and the Cochrane Library database through July 2014. Relevant references from retrieved articles were also evaluated. Findings The prevalence of MCI in adults aged ≥65 years is 10- 20%; risk increases with age, and men appear to be at higher risk than women. In older MCI patients, clinicians shouldconsider depression, polypharmacy, and uncontrolled cardiovascular risk factors, all of which may increase risk for cognitive impairment and other negative outcomes. Currently, no medications have proven effective for MCI; treatments and interventions should be aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk factors and prevention of stroke. Aerobic exercise, mental activity, and social engagement may help decrease risk of further cognitive decline. Although patients with MCI are at greater risk of developing dementia compared withthe general population, there is currently substantial variation in risk estimates (from <5% to 20% annual conversion rates), depending on the population studied.Current research is aimed at improving early detection and treatment of MCI, particularly in patients at high risk for progression to dementia. Conclusions and Relevance Cognitive decline and MCI have important implications for patients and their families, and will require that primary care clinicians be skilled in identifying and managing this common disorder as the number of older adults increases in coming decades. Current evidence supports aerobic exercise, mental activity, and cardiovascular risk factor control in patients with MCI.

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