Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against halitosis in adolescent patients undergoing orthodontic treatment

Alshahrani, Abdul Aziz; Alhaizaey, Ali; Kamran, Muhammad Abdullah; Alshahrani, Ibrahim

doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102019

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In this study, we measured the bacterial counts on the tongue dorsum; however, we did not analyze the oral microbiota. VSCs are mainly produced by Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythensis [15]. A previous study showed that a combination of PDT and tongue cleaning with a tongue scraper could remove more P. gingivalis than a tongue scraper alone [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, a systematic review of endodontics showed that PDT significantly eliminated bacteria even against antibiotic-resistant species and was also effective in disrupting biofilms in laboratory studies [13]. On the other hand, the combined effect of mechanical tongue cleaning and PDT on reducing oral halitosis has been examined in previous studies [14,15]. However, little is known about the effect of using PDT alone on oral halitosis and the duration of the effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on the Tongue Dorsum on Reducing Halitosis and the Duration of the Effect: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Maruyama,

Ekuni,

Yokoi

et al. 2024

Healthcare

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Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment that is gaining popularity in modern clinical medicine. However, little is known about the effect of PDT alone on reducing oral halitosis and the duration of the effect. This trial examined the effect of PDT on the tongue dorsum on reducing oral halitosis and the duration of the effect. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Okayama University Hospital (CRB20-015), and it was registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs061200060). Twenty-two participants were randomly assigned to two groups: an intervention group and control group. PDT was performed in the intervention group using red laser emission and methylene blue gel on the middle and posterior area of the tongue dorsum. The concentration of volatile sulfur compounds, bacterial count on the tongue dorsum, probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and simplified oral debris index score were determined before and 1 week after PDT. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to assess the significance of the differences in each parameter between the two groups. We found that the hydrogen sulfide concentration and bacterial count on the tongue dorsum were decreased in the intervention group, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. These results indicated that performing only PDT on the tongue dorsum may not contribute to reducing halitosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on the Tongue Dorsum on Reducing Halitosis and the Duration of the Effect: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Maruyama,

Ekuni,

Yokoi

et al. 2024

Healthcare

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“…Clinical parameters, such as gingival inflammation, bacterial population, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and pain perception, showed significant improvement when aPDT was implemented in conjunction with dental scaling. In an RCT, Alshahrani et al [65] demonstrated that aPDT is also a viable treatment option for adolescents with halitosis during OT. When performed using the tongue scraping technique, aPDT effectively reduced hydrogen sulfide concentration and oral pathogens.…”

Section: Apdt Easily Solving Infections During Orthodontic Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light in Orthodontics: Applications of High-Intensity Lasers, Photobiomodulation, and Antimicrobial Photodymanic Therapies in Daily Practice

et al. 2023

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Orthodontics is constantly seeking innovation towards mechanical efficiency and better oral-related quality of life during treatment. This narrative review aims to discuss novel scientific reports about light therapies and how they can optimize different stages of orthodontic intervention: before, during, and after treatment. Recurrent conditions that can be treated with laser devices are the removal of carious tissue, dentin hypersensitivity, and temporomandibular disorders. Evidence reveals that laser procedures accelerate health recovery, enabling individuals to initiate orthodontic treatment. Along orthodontic procedure, photobiomodulation therapy, is indicated for analgesia after appliance activations, repair of traumatic ulcers, and acceleration of tooth movement. Moreover, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is well-indicated for effective decontamination of oral infections such as herpetic lesions and peri-implantitis. Finally, high-intensity lasers are good allies in removing brackets and reconditioning red esthetics. There are many benefits to the use of light sources in the orthodontic routine: simplicity of technique, ease of handling devices, minimal invasiveness, and patient comfort during procedures. It is essential that professionals develop a critical overview of technological advances, offering safe and evidence-based therapies. Recent advances indicate that laser therapies improve patient experiences during orthodontic treatment and minimize the side effects of clinical interventions.

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“…Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is a medical intervention that employs the combination of light and photosensitive compounds to target and destroy the cell wall of bacteria, causing cell death [ 54 , 55 ]. The primary etiological cause of halitosis is anaerobic bacteria.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes and Management of Halitosis: A Narrative Review

Khounganian,

Alasmari,

Aldosari

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Halitosis is defined as the presence of an unpleasant odor in exhaled air, regardless of its cause. In most patients with halitosis, the condition causes embarrassment and interferes with social interactions and daily life. Furthermore, bad breath can be a sign of an underlying disease. Understanding the factors and causes that lead to halitosis and its manifestations could facilitate proper management of this condition. To properly diagnose and treat patients, healthcare professionals, including primary care physicians and dental professionals, must be familiar with the etiology and appropriate management of the disease. Consequently, this review aims to provide practitioners with up-to-date information on the etiological factors of halitosis to facilitate the establishment of preventive measures and provide accurate diagnosis and management.

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Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against halitosis in adolescent patients undergoing orthodontic treatment

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on the Tongue Dorsum on Reducing Halitosis and the Duration of the Effect: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on the Tongue Dorsum on Reducing Halitosis and the Duration of the Effect: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Light in Orthodontics: Applications of High-Intensity Lasers, Photobiomodulation, and Antimicrobial Photodymanic Therapies in Daily Practice

Causes and Management of Halitosis: A Narrative Review

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