Efficacy of antigiardial drugs

5-Nitroimidazole Drugs Effective against Metronidazole-Resistant Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia duodenalis

“…There are examples in the literature of patients who have failed to respond to all antigiardial or antitrichomonal treatments (7,23). Here we have shown that at least three different 5-nitroimidazole compounds, including one that is readily synthesized, inhibited highly Mz rl G. duodenalis and Mz rc T. vaginalis isolates.…”

“…However, clinical resistance to these drugs has been well documented; and in the event of overt clinical resistance to Mz in trichomonads, there is no alternative for treatment, when one keeps in mind the documented crossresistance between the currently used 5-nitroimidazole drugs and their worldwide availability (7,8,18,23). Some success has been obtained with quinacrine and albendazole in combination with Mz in cases of giardiasis treatment failures (23). On the positive side, a great deal of flexibility is offered by the side chains attached to the imidazole ring structure that bear the all important nitro group (17).…”

The anti-giardial effectiveness of fungal and commercial chitosan against Giardia intestinalis cysts in vitro

“…Current chemical drugs, such as metronidazole, tinidazole and furazolidon, are frequently prescribed by clinicians for the treatment of giardiasis. These drugs have several side effects and a limited utility due to drug resistance; thus, it is necessary to pursue natural and safe drugs that have strong therapeutic effects, low costs and minimal side effects (Wright et al 2003). Chitosan is a partially or fully deacetylated chitin ( Fig.…”

Pharmaceutical evaluation and comparison of different brands of metronidazole available in the local market of Peshawar (Pakistan)

“…Different problems may arise during film coating of metronidazole like scuffing, excessive roughness (orange peel), twinning, surface erosion, discoloration, picking and sticking, logo bridging, breakage film, cracking, film peeling, tablet edge chipping erosion and filling of logos/break lines due to non-technical handling of tablets by untrained personnels, use of non-suitable polymers for coating, lack of following the standard operating procedures for film coating, no control on temperature [10], i.e. over drying or over wetting the tablets to be coated [11,12], using high viscous polymers, very sharp tablet edges [13]. So, corrective measures should be taken as a remedy in case of any problem that arises during film coating like to change the tablet's shape, shorten the duration of the film coating process, decrease spray rate [14], make tablet having greater mechanical strength and high flexibility [15] and increase pan speed in the spray zone.…”