Efficacy of Ankaferd Blood Stopper in Bleeding Control in Experimental Partial Splenectomy Model

Abstract

Topical hemostatic agents are used as auxiliary agents for bleeding post trauma and during operation. Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) is an hemostatic agent that is produced in Turkey. We planned to demonstrate the efficacy of this agent in experimental splenectomy model and to compare it with Fibrin Glue (Tisseel®) used in clinics. Forty Wistar Albino female rats were divided in 5 groups. Group 1, Sham; Group 2, Control; Group 3, Suture; Group 4, Fibrin Glue (Tisseel®) and Group 5, Ankaferd Blood Stopper. Partial splenectomy bleeding model was applied to rats after initial hematocrit values were measured. Bleeding in each group was controlled by a different method. Bleeding times of the rats were determined. All the rats were sacrificed on the 5th day after the last hematocrit values were measured. Existence of intraabdominal hematoma and adhesiveness were evaluated and splectonomy was applied for pathological examination. Groups were compared with respect to bleeding time and blood loss and Group 5 and Group 2 were determined to be more effective than Group 3 but Group 4 was determined to be equivalent. Fewer side effects at significant levels were detected in terms of fibrosis and coagulation necrosis during pathological assessment. In conclusion, in spleen bleedings when compared with fibrin glue, Ankaferd Blood Stopper is equally effective and safe and its price is lower.

Qualitative/Chemical Analyses of Ankaferd Hemostat and Its Antioxidant Content in Synthetic Gastric Fluids

“…Our present findings about the antioxidants of ABS content that had not been negatively affected after the exposure to the acidic gastric fluid further enlightened those previous experiments. The topical effects of ABS on GI system such as esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, and vessels have been extensively searched in previous animal models [ 32 , 40 , 41 , 50 – 58 ]. All of those data represent the basis for future clinical trials regarding the efficacy and safety of ABS in a wide variety of GI disorders such as infection, inflammation, and cancer.…”

Deneysel parsiyel splenektomi modelinde sıçanlarda algan hemostatik ajanın kanama kontrolünde etkinliğinin araştırılması

“…The spleen was located and in the lower pole of the spleen 1 cm, partial splenectomy was performed in the rats in all groups. The duration of bleeding was evaluated according to the protocol previously explained [12]. When splenectomy bleeding had started, the bleeding area was pressed with a sponge for 10 seconds, and then the sponge was removed.…”

“…On the 5th day of the laparotomy, the rats underwent surgical site disinfection on the anterior wall of the abdomen under anesthesia. The abdomen was opened and the intraabdominal adhesiveness quantitatively evaluated according to the Bothin scale [12]. Hematoma and fluid collection were examined in the abdomen, if it existed.…”

“…Besides, the risk of postoperative infection in splenectomy is elevated in spleen injuries, therefore the approaches protecting the spleen come to the forefront. There are many hemostatic agents available such as; bovine collagen, bovine thrombin, autologous plasma, fibrin glue [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], and it is necessary to decide which method to use according to the cost of the procedure, bleeding severity and personal experience. However, despite these products and major developments in medicine, an ideal product that can be used to control bleeding is not yet produced and more effective hemostatic products are necessary to be produced.…”