Efficacy of an antimicrobial surface coating against human coronavirus 229E and SARS-CoV-2

Ikner, Luisa A.; Torrey, Jason R.; Gundy, Patricia M.; Gerba, Charles P.

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2021.08.031

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Calfee et al (14) found that seven QAC-based formulations effective against ɸ6 on initial testing were completely ineffective following exposure to wet abrasion cycles in accordance to the US EPA interim guidance (15). Other laboratory studies evaluating QAC-based products have not attempted to assess the durability (22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory evaluation of a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC)-based antimicrobial coating used in public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic

Aranega-Bou¹,

Brown²,

Stigling³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The virucidal activity of a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC)-based antimicrobial coating used by the UK rail industry during the COVID-19 pandemic was evaluated using the bacteriophage Φ6 as a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2. Immediately after application and in the absence of interfering substance, the product showed efficacy (>3 log10reduction) on some materials typically used in rail carriages (stainless steel, high pressure laminate and plastic), variable efficacy on glass and no efficacy (<3 log10reduction) on a train armrest made of Terluran 22. If, after application of the product, the surfaces remained undisturbed, the antimicrobial coating retained its efficacy for at least 28 days on all materials where it was effective immediately after application. However, regardless of the material coated or time since application, the presence of organic debris (fetal bovine serum) significantly reduced the viricidal activity of the coating. Wiping the surface with a wetted cloth after organic debris deposition was not sufficient to restore efficacy. We conclude that the product is likely to be of limited effectiveness in a busy multi-user environment such as public transport.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory evaluation of a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC)-based antimicrobial coating used in public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic

Aranega-Bou¹,

Brown²,

Stigling³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Antiviral heavy metals found in nutritional supplements may have some efficacy 136 . Quaternary ammonium compound coatings have attracted study 137,138 . Both anionic polymer and surface calcium bicarbonate generate an antiviral effect based on the extremes of surface pH 79,139 .…”

Section: Coating and Impregnation Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 136 Quaternary ammonium compound coatings have attracted study. 137 , 138 Both anionic polymer and surface calcium bicarbonate generate an antiviral effect based on the extremes of surface pH. 79 , 139 Other innovations for fabric or mask impregnation have been cited.…”

Section: Coating and Impregnation Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some investigators have found value for the use of surrogate viruses such as coliphages or non‐SARS‐CoV‐2 coronaviruses in comparative assessments and given the desire to use less pathogenic microbes during experimentation. 65 , 81 , 92 , 138 , 139 , 140 Despite the evolving literature on this topic to date, there is a dearth of focused publications on field trials. The latter could include both virucidal efficacy and human prevention assessments.…”

Section: General Considerations and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disinfection and decontamination in the context of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific data

Cimolai

2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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Given the high transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) as witnessed early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, concerns arose with the existing methods for virus disinfection and decontamination. The need for SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific data stimulated considerable research in this regard. Overall, SARS‐CoV‐2 is practically and equally susceptible to approaches for disinfection and decontamination that have been previously found for other human or animal coronaviruses. The latter have included techniques utilizing temperature modulation, pH extremes, irradiation, and chemical treatments. These physicochemical methods are a necessary adjunct to other prevention strategies, given the environmental and patient surface ubiquity of the virus. Classic studies of disinfection have also allowed for extrapolation to the eradication of the virus on human mucosal surfaces by some chemical means. Despite considerable laboratory study, practical field assessments are generally lacking and need to be encouraged to confirm the correlation of interventions with viral eradication and infection prevention. Transparency in the constitution and use of any method or chemical is also essential to furthering practical applications.

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“…Peer-reviewed studies evaluating the effectiveness of QAC-based surface coating treatments against viruses are currently limited. A quaternary ammonium polymer coating applied to stainless steel coupons demonstrated greater than 99.9% (>3 log 10 ) reduction during 2 hours of contact against SARS-CoV-2 and human coronavirus 229E in the presence of 5% organic soil, although wear testing was not performed to assess residual antiviral activity [22]. Another study evaluating a QAC applied onto acrylic surfaces against subsequent SARS-CoV-2 and human coronavirus 229E contamination events demonstrated rapid inactivation upon contact (>90% [>1 log 10 ] reduction); however, just one cleaning event of the coating using a water-based detergent and microfiber cloth substantially reduced product efficacy [23].…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Coatings as Continuously Active Disinfectants

Ikner¹,

Gerba²

2022

Disinfection of Viruses

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Antimicrobial surfaces and coatings have been available for many decades and have largely been designed to kill or prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi. Antiviral coatings have become of particular interest more recently during the COVID-19 pandemic as they are designed to act as continuously active disinfectants. The most studied antiviral coatings have been metal-based or are comprised of silane quaternary ammonium formulations. Copper and silver interact directly with proteins and nucleic acids, and influence the production of reactive free radicals. Titanium dioxide acts as a photocatalyst in the presence of water and oxygen to produce free radicals in the presence of UV light or visible light when alloyed with copper or silver. Silane quaternary ammonium formulations can be applied to surfaces using sprays or wipes, and are particularly effective against enveloped viruses. Continuously active disinfectants offer an extra barrier against fomite-mediated transmission of respiratory and enteric viruses to reduce exposure between routine disinfection and cleaning events. To take advantage of this technology, testing methods need to be standardized and the benefits quantified in terms of reduction of virus transmission.

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Efficacy of an antimicrobial surface coating against human coronavirus 229E and SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

Laboratory evaluation of a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC)-based antimicrobial coating used in public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic

Laboratory evaluation of a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC)-based antimicrobial coating used in public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic

Disinfection and decontamination in the context of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific data

Antiviral Coatings as Continuously Active Disinfectants

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