Efficacy assessment of peracetic acid in the removal of synthetic 17α-ethinyl estradiol contraceptive hormone in wastewater

Reactivity of Peracetic Acid with Organic Compounds: A Critical Review

“…Several studies have investigated the possible oxidation of organic compounds by PAA and reported that PAA reactivity with respect to organic compounds is very selective. ,,− ,,− Overall, the oxidation mechanism of organic compounds by PAA is the transfer of a single oxygen atom from PAA to electron-rich sites on the compound. PAA reactivity is highly affected by the electron-withdrawing or electron-donating character of the substituents of organic compounds.…”

“…They investigated the degradation of carbamazepine, naproxen, ibuprofen, clofibric acid, diclofenac, and bezafibrate by PAA ([PAA] 0 = 1.0 g L −1 , [micropollutant] 0 = 1.0 μM, pH 7.1, reaction time of 1.0 h), and only diclofenac and naproxen showed significant elimination with 29.7% and 62.5% removal, respectively. Mauri ́cio et al 31 investigated PAA oxidation of 17α-ethinylestradiol in wastewater secondary effluent. Elimination of 17α-ethinylestradiol was limited at low PAA concentrations and short reaction times ([PAA] 0 = 1−10 mg L −1 , [micropollutant] 0 = 50 μM, pH 7.9, reaction time of 10 min) but was significantly enhanced up to 100% removal with 15 mg L −1 PAA and a 20 min reaction time.…”

“…However, despite the usage of PAA across several industries, research has been limited regarding the degradation of possible organic compounds in wastewater by PAA. To date, a few studies have investigated the oxidation of organic compounds by PAA, and they generally reported that the reactivity of PAA with respect to organic compounds is selective for specific structures. ,,− So far, the reaction rate constants of PAA with many organic compounds remain unknown or undetermined, which significantly hinders a proper understanding of the fate of organic compounds and PAA in wastewater treatment processes.…”

First insights into oxidative stress and theoretical environmental risk of Bronopol and Detarox® AP, two biocides claimed to be ecofriendly for a sustainable aquaculture

“…Although the enzyme levels in the digestive gland were generally raised, GST activity in the Detarox®-treated groups was consistently lower than in the unchallenged group. This outcome was unexpected, since increased GST activity was previously reported in fish exposed to peracetic acid (Elia et al, 2006;Maurício et al, 2020). To our best knowledge, no information is available on the effect of H 2 O 2 on enzyme activity in mussels or fish; however, a mechanistic study in the rat found that hydrogen peroxide can boost GST activity (Aniya and Anders, 1992).…”