Efficacy and tolerability of timolol maleate ophthalmic gel-forming solution versus timolol ophthalmic solution in adults with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension: a six-month, double-masked, multicenter study

Shedden, Arthur; Laurence, Jean; Tipping, Robert

doi:10.1016/s0149-2918(01)80048-5

Cited by 77 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Gellan gum is an anionic heteropolysaccharide that gives a colorless and transparent solution and forms a gel when it comes in contact with monovalent and divalent cations present in tears [5,13]. In this study, TMGS showed significant changes at 24 hr after the first instillation.…”

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confidence: 52%

“…In this study, TMGS showed significant changes at 24 hr after the first instillation. This result indicates that the gel form increases the contact time between the drug and the eye [2,10,[12][13][14].TMGS administration reduced IOP and PS in the treated and non-treated eyes. The mechanism of these contralateral effects has not been established; however, systemic uptake and the crossover effect would result in a contralateral effect on IOP and PS [6,15,18].…”

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confidence: 84%

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confidence: 88%

“…The TM gel-forming solution (TMGS) is delivered in a gellan gum solution and can be administered to the eye as a drop; this drop forms a viscous solution on contact with the ocular surface. TMGS holds TM for a longer period of time than the TM aqueous solution; consequently, TMGS is administered once daily [2,10,[12][13][14]. In this study, we evaluated the effects of TMGS on IOP, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), and pupil size (PS) in normotensive beagle dogs.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that in human patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension, the ocular hypotensive efficacy of a daily dose of TMGS is equivalent to that of a twice-daily dose of the TM aqueous solution [2,10,[12][13][14]. Gellan gum is an anionic heteropolysaccharide that gives a colorless and transparent solution and forms a gel when it comes in contact with monovalent and divalent cations present in tears [5,13].…”

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The Effects of a Timolol Maleate Gel-Forming Solution on Normotensive Beagle Dogs

Takiyama

Shoji²,

Habata

et al. 2006

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The effects of a timolol maleate gel-forming solution (TMGS) on intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure (BP), and pupil size (PS) were evaluated in normotensive dogs. TMGS was administered once daily to six normotensive beagle dogs. TMGS administration reduced IOP and PS. The hypotensive effect persisted for 24 hr after the administration. The mean reduction in IOP was 5.3 mm Hg (P<0.01). The changes in BP and PS were not significant. These results suggest that TMGS can potentially be used in the treatments of glaucoma and ocular hypertension in dogs. KEY WORDS: canine, gellan gum, timolol.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 68(6): 631-633, 2006 Glaucoma is a painful disease and is characterized by retinal ganglion cell death, optic nerve damage that is usually associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and progressive loss of vision that could result in blindness. Glaucoma therapy aims to lower IOP in order to preserve ocular function and reduce pain [1].Timolol maleate (TM) is a nonselective beta-adrenergic that substantially reduces the volume of aqueous humor and thereby reduces IOP [1,3,20]. TM ophthalmic solution is widely used to treat glaucoma in humans and dogs. However, TM has the potential to cause systemic side effects [4, 6, 8-10, 15-17, 19, 20]. The TM gel-forming solution (TMGS) is delivered in a gellan gum solution and can be administered to the eye as a drop; this drop forms a viscous solution on contact with the ocular surface. TMGS holds TM for a longer period of time than the TM aqueous solution; consequently, TMGS is administered once daily [2,10,[12][13][14]. In this study, we evaluated the effects of TMGS on IOP, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), and pupil size (PS) in normotensive beagle dogs.All animals were treated in accordance with the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research. Six clinically normal beagle dogs (two males and four females) were used in this study. Their body weights ranged from 9.7 to 13.0 kg (median weight: 12.2 kg), and their ages ranged from 4 to 11 years (median age: 8.0 years). Dogs were defined as normotensive after a complete physical and ophthalmic examination, including tonometry, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and ophthalmoscopy; these examinations did not reveal any abnormalities. A 0.5% TMGS (Timoptol XE 0.5%, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo) was used in this study. TMGS was administered in one eye (treated eye) of each dog. Once-a-day administration (9:00 AM) was continued for 7 days. The contralateral eyes (nontreated eyes) were not treated. IOP was measured using an applanation tonometer (Tono-Pen XL, Medtronic, FL, U.S.A.); BP, an oscillometric hematomanometer (BP100D, Fukuda M-E Kogyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan); and PS, a pupillometer (Mita's pupillometer, Inami, Tokyo, Japan). IOP, BP, and PS were measured before administration of TMGS; 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, and 24 hr after administration on the first day; and at 7:00 PM everyday from the second day until the en...

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confidence: 84%

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confidence: 88%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The Effects of a Timolol Maleate Gel-Forming Solution on Normotensive Beagle Dogs

Takiyama

Shoji²,

Habata

et al. 2006

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Topical medication instillation techniques for glaucoma

Wang

2017

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Ocular Drug Delivery

Rupenthal

Alany

2010

Pharmaceutical Sciences Encyclopedia

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Due to the accessibility of the eye surface, topical administration of ophthalmic medications is the most common method for treating conditions affecting the exterior eye surface. Various ocular delivery systems, such a ointments, suspensions, micro‐ and nanocarriers, and liposomes, have been investigated during the past two decades. This article focuses on the topical application of drugs to the surface of the eye and discusses the most recent formulation approaches in this area.

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Efficacy and tolerability of timolol maleate ophthalmic gel-forming solution versus timolol ophthalmic solution in adults with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension: a six-month, double-masked, multicenter study

Cited by 77 publications

References 19 publications

The Effects of a Timolol Maleate Gel-Forming Solution on Normotensive Beagle Dogs

The Effects of a Timolol Maleate Gel-Forming Solution on Normotensive Beagle Dogs

Topical medication instillation techniques for glaucoma

Ocular Drug Delivery

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