Efficacy and safety of over-the-counter analgesics in the treatment of common cold and flu

Eccles, Ronald

doi:10.1016/j.acpain.2006.09.006

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Among these are rheumatic and other musculoskeletal conditions (Boardman et al 1967;Owen-Smith and Burry 1972;Altman 1984;Dieppe et al 1989;Haase and Fischer 1991;Bliddel et al 2000;Singer et al 2000;Buchanan and Kean 2002), dental pain and surgery, dysmenorrhoea, upper respiratory tract conditions (colds, influenza), headaches, accidental sports injuries and surgical conditions (Nørholt et al 1998;Kean et al 1999;Dionne and Cooper 1999a, b;Rainsford 1999c;Hersh et al 2000a, b;Steen Law et al 2000;Doyle et al 2002;Beaver 2003;Dalton and Schweinle 2006;Sachs 2005;McQuay and Moore 2006;Eccles 2006;Verhagen et al 2006;Huber and Terezhalmi 2006). It is not the purpose here to review the evidence in extenso about the clinical efficacy in various painful states since this is well established from over 40 years of research and applications of ibuprofen in the treatment of these conditions (Kean et al 1999;Rainsford 1999c).…”

Section: Relief Of Pain Inflammation and Fevermentioning

confidence: 98%

Ibuprofen: pharmacology, efficacy and safety

2009

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This assessment of the safety and benefits of ibuprofen can be summarized thus: (1) Ibuprofen at OTC doses has low possibilities of serious GI events, and little prospect of developing renal and associated CV events. Ibuprofen OTC does not represent a risk for developing liver injury especially the irreversible liver damage observed with paracetamol and the occasional liver reactions from aspirin. (2) The pharmacokinetic properties of ibuprofen, especially the short plasma half-life of elimination, lack of development of pathologically related metabolites (e.g. covalent modification of liver proteins by the quinine-imine metabolite of paracetamol or irreversible acetylation of biomolecules by aspirin) are support for the view that these pharmacokinetic and notably metabolic effects of ibuprofen favour its low toxic potential. (3) The multiple actions of ibuprofen in controlling inflammation combine with moderate inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 and low residence time of the drug in the body may account for the low GI, CV and renal risks from ibuprofen, especially at OTC doses.

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Section: Relief Of Pain Inflammation and Fevermentioning

confidence: 98%

Ibuprofen: pharmacology, efficacy and safety

2009

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“…The medications aim at bringing the ameliorating effects usually are anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drugs. Most of them are over-the-counter remedies, which are widely available (Ballengee and Turner 2014;ACPM 2011;Eccles 2006). The term 'over-the-counter' (OTC) means that the doctor's prescription is unneeded and it is possible to buy them anywhere, e.g., in a pharmacy, supermarket, at gas stations, or over the internet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of OTC medications in the healthcare system is rapidly increasing and such medications become even a more important group for therapy of the most common diseases worldwide (Ballengee and Turner 2014;Eccles 2006). It has been estimated that as many as 35 % of adults in the US use OTC products regularly (ACPM 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usage of Over-the-Counter and Herbal Products in Common Cold in Poland: Findings from Consumer Survey

Karłowicz-Bodalska

Miśkiewicz

Kurpas

et al. 2015

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Upper respiratory tract infections are usually self-treated with synthetic and herbal over-the-counter products. The aim of the study was to assess the reasons for the purchase of those medications in Poland. We examined 413 adults, aged 18 and over (70.5% of them were women) using a questionnaire. The findings demonstrate that oral synthetic products were used by 76% of respondents, while herbal products by 30%. Synthetic products were used mainly by educated people under 65 years of age, students, and the employed. Herbal products were used mainly by older people. In conclusion, synthetic products against common cold are perceived as more effective. Such medications are used by people who probably would like to recover and return to professional activity as quickly as possible. As they generally use more medications, they are at increased risk of adverse effects resulting from drug interactions, and they should be a target group for health education programs.

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“…34 Although the authors hypothesise that the effect could be due to its anti-oxidant or antimicrobial effects, another hypothesis is that a sweet taste might induce endogenous opioids. 35 Honey should not be given to infants under 12 months of age, however, because of a real danger of infant botulism. 36 The promotion of hand washing in households significantly reduces the incidence of both respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in children from both impoverished and wellresourced communities.…”

Section: Other Practical Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of upper respiratory tract infections in children

Cotton

Innes

Jaspan

et al. 2008

South African Family Practice

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Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) occurs commonly in both children and adults and is a major cause of mild morbidity. It has a high cost to society, being responsible for absenteeism from school and work and unnecessary medical care, and is occasionally associated with serious sequelae. URTIs are usually caused by several families of virus; these are the rhinovirus, coronavirus, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, influenza, enterovirus and the recently discovered bocavirus. This review will mainly focus on the rhinovirus, where significant advances have been made in understanding the epidemiology, natural history and relationship with other pathogens.

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Efficacy and safety of over-the-counter analgesics in the treatment of common cold and flu

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Ibuprofen: pharmacology, efficacy and safety

Ibuprofen: pharmacology, efficacy and safety

Usage of Over-the-Counter and Herbal Products in Common Cold in Poland: Findings from Consumer Survey

Management of upper respiratory tract infections in children

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