Efficacy and Rate of Release of EPTC and Butylate from Starch Encapsulated Formulations Under Greenhouse Conditions

Abstract

Four starch-encapsulated formulations of EPTC(S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) and of butylate(S-ethyl diisobutylthiocarbamate) were prepared and evaluated by comparison with their respective emulsifiable concentrate formulations for their slow-release capabilities and efficacies. Chemical and biological evaluation indicated that difference in controlled-release could be achieved by the selection of the starch xanthate and oxidant used in the formualtion process. EPTC and butylate released slower when formulated as starch-encapsulated granules than when formulated as emulsifiable concentrates under soil conditions that favored rapid release. The initial release was adequate for weed control and slow enough for desired residual activity. Repeated seeding and harvesting the treated soils and bioassays of treated soils generally produced release rate anticipated from short term dry and wet chemical tests.

A study towards release dynamics of thiram fungicide from starch–alginate beads to control environmental and health hazards

“…An ideal pesticide formulation would be one which limits the amount available at any time to be adequate for pest control and leave minimum residues on crops and in environment [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. This can be achieved by encapsulating the chemicals in the polymeric matrix.…”

“…This can be achieved by encapsulating the chemicals in the polymeric matrix. The polymer-encapsulated formulations are superior to non-encapsulated commercial formulations in extending activity [1], reducing evaporative and degradation losses [2], reducing leaching [3] and decreasing dermal toxicity [4]. Different types of alginate-based controlled release formulations of herbicides for application in fresh water systems have been developed [8].…”

In vitro release dynamics of thiram fungicide from starch and poly(methacrylic acid)-based hydrogels

“…These devices consist of a pesticide in a polymer in the form of a microcapsule or granule [16]. The polymer-encapsulated compounds are superior to non-encapsulated commercial formulations in extending activity [17], reducing evaporative and degradation losses [18], reducing leaching [19], and decreasing dermal toxicity [20]. Water [21], soil moisture [22], soil microorganisms and soil enzymes such as amylases [23] release the active compounds from polymer matrices in controlled and sustained manner.…”

Potential of Starch Encapsulated Semiochemical-Insecticide Formulations for Adult Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Control

“…2 Controlled release technology has been developed over the past 15 yr in which starch is used to encapsulate pesticides. The starch matrix concept has been successfully used to develop controlledrelease herbicide (Schreiber et al 1978, Baur 1980, insecticide (Trimnell et al 1982), and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Dunkle & Shasha 1988) granular formulations.…”