Effects on Delaying the Terminating Response to a Painful Stimulus

Berlin, Fred S.; Bartlett, Robert L.; Black, John D.

doi:10.1097/00000542-197505000-00002

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Some investigators have reported reliable pain reduction with acupuncture (e.g., 1,3,7,8,11,16,22,25,26,28), but with two exceptions (2, 6) the effect has been small. Further, others have found acupuncture analgesia to be either ineffective or no more effective than a placebo treatment (e.g., 5,9,10,12,19,20,24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Subject Expectancy and the Reduction of Cold Pressor Pain with Acupuncture and Placebo Acupuncture

Shum

1979

Psychosomatic Medicine

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MDExperimentally induced cold pressor pain was used to: 1) compare acupuncture and placebo acupuncture; and 2) assess the effect of subject expectancy on treatment outcome. Seventy-two subjects were randomly assigned to three groups of 24 subjects. The first of two 60 sec cold pressor trials was identical for all groups and served as a base-line. The second trial was preceded by acupuncture for the first group, placebo acupuncture for the second, and no treatment for the third. Within each of these three groups, expectancy was manipulated prior to the second trial: eight of the 24 subjects were led to expect less pain on the second trial (high expectancy); eight were led to expect no change in pain (low expectancy); and eight were told that the effect of treatment could not be predicted (no expectancy). Numerical rating of pain intensity revealed no cases of dramatic pain reduction. Only subjects who received acupuncture treatment in conjunction with the high expectancy manipulation reported significant pain relief. Results are consistent with the view that acupuncture involves more than placebo factors, but the treatment appears to require a positive attitude of the recipient to potentiate its effect.The recent literature on pain control contains numerous studies of the effect of acupuncture on experimentally induced pain. Some investigators have reported reliable pain reduction with acupuncture (e.g., 1,3,7,8,11,16,22,25,26,28), but with two exceptions (2, 6) the effect has been small. Further, others have found acupuncture analgesia to be either ineffective or no more effective than a placebo treatment (e.g., 5, 9,10,12,19, 20, 24). It is clear that, at least for experimental pain, the effect of acupuncture analgesia is limited. However, debate continues on the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia; it is not clear whether specific physical properties of the acupuncture treatment procedure contribute to its effect or whether the effects of acupuncture analgesia are entirely psychological. Attempts to resolve this issue have met with a major methodological problem: the development of satisfactory double-blind procedures for the study of acupuncture analgesia. Such a procedure requires a placebo treatment which is indistinguishable from legitimate acupuncture by both the acupuncturist and the subject.The most commonly used placebo acupuncture procedure involves the insertion and stimulation of needles at points on the body which are close to the traditional acupuncture points under study but which are not themselves acupuncture points (e.g., 1,12,24,25,28).

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confidence: 99%

Subject Expectancy and the Reduction of Cold Pressor Pain with Acupuncture and Placebo Acupuncture

Shum

1979

Psychosomatic Medicine

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“…Placebo effects of acupuncture are actively studied in many articles, and sham acupuncture is a representative method for an acupuncture placebo tool [29, 30]. But there is a lack of consensus on the most valid approach to establishing placebo acupuncture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Deqi on Autonomic Balance in Adult Tinnitus Patients: Study Design of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Shi

et al. 2013

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Background. Recent reports suggest that a proportion of tinnitus patients suffer from mental illness. Autonomic nervous system plays a useful role in tinnitus therapy since electrical vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has been frequently used to alleviate tinnitus-induced depression in clinic. heart rate variability (HRV), which is reflective of autonomic nervous system function, has been proved to be modulated by acupuncture. In the present study, we aim to compare the effect of deqi sensation on heart rate variability in adult tinnitus patients. Methods. Thirty participants are randomly assigned to verum acupuncture (creating deqi) or shallow acupuncture (not creating deqi) at Baihui (Du-20), Shenting (Du-24), Tinghui (GB-2), Waiguan (SJ-5), and Zulinqi (GB-41) for 3 weeks. The primary outcome measure is heart rate variability, which is measured at the first acupuncture, as well as the last acupuncture. Discussion. Completion of this trial will help to identify the role of deqi sensation in acupuncture effect for tinnitus and reveal an autonomic modulation mechanism for acupuncture effect. Trial Registration. This trial is registered with International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number ISRCTN58013563.

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“…In nine other studies (18.8%) no effect was observed neither after verum nor after sham acupuncture [22, 27, 42, 47-49, 99, 103, 104], and the results of three studies (6.3%) were rated as unclear [35,44,45]. None of the twelve studies including both control modalities found significant differences between the sham and the inert control group [24,25,27,30,35,42,47,53,57,62,85,99], although in three of these studies, the pre-post comparison indicates larger effects in the sham than in the inert control group [24,30,53,85].…”

Section: Comparison Of Verum Acupuncture To Inert or Sham-control Promentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Seventeen of these studies (70.8%) focused on the effect of EA only [30, 34, 36, 42, 53-55, 61, 66, 69, 80, 85, 90, 94, 101, 102, 105], five studies (20.8%) on the effect of MA only [31,32,35,67,99], and two studies (8.3%) evaluated both treatment methods . Of the 19 studies evaluating EA, 15 (78.9%) indicated an elevation of the HPT [30,34,53,54,60,61,66,80,85,90,94,[100][101][102]105] such as did five of seven (71.4%) MA studies [31,32,60,67,100].…”

Section: Heat Pain Threshold (Hpt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Acupuncture on Sensory Perception: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Baeumler¹,

Fleckenstein²,

Takayama

et al. 2015

Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur

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Background: The effect of acupuncture on sensory perception has never been systematically reviewed; although, studies on acupuncture mechanisms are frequently based on the idea that changes in sensory thresholds reflect its effect on the nervous system. Methods: Pubmed, EMBASE and Scopus were screened for studies investigating the effect of acupuncture on thermal or mechanical detection or pain thresholds in humans published in English or German. A meta-analysis of high quality studies was performed. Results: Out of 3007 identified articles 85 were included. Sixty five studies showed that acupuncture affects at least one sensory threshold. Most studies assessed the pressure pain threshold of which 80% reported an increase after acupuncture. Significant short-and long-term effects on the pressure pain threshold in pain patients were revealed by two meta-analyses including four and two high quality studies, respectively. In over 60% of studies, acupuncture reduced sensitivity to noxious thermal stimuli, but measuring methods might influence results. Few but consistent data indicate that acupuncture reduces pin-prick like pain but not mechanical detection. Results on thermal detection are heterogeneous. Sensory threshold changes were equally frequent reported after manual acupuncture as after electroacupuncture. Among 48 sham-controlled studies, 25 showed stronger effects on sensory thresholds through verum than through sham acupuncture, but in 9 studies significant threshold changes were also observed after sham acupuncture. Overall, there is a lack of high quality acupuncture studies applying comprehensive assessments of sensory perception.

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Effects on Delaying the Terminating Response to a Painful Stimulus

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Subject Expectancy and the Reduction of Cold Pressor Pain with Acupuncture and Placebo Acupuncture

Subject Expectancy and the Reduction of Cold Pressor Pain with Acupuncture and Placebo Acupuncture

Effects of Deqi on Autonomic Balance in Adult Tinnitus Patients: Study Design of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of Acupuncture on Sensory Perception: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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