Effects of β-Glucans Ingestion on Alveolar Bone Loss, Intestinal Morphology, Systemic Inflammatory Profile, and Pancreatic β-Cell Function in Rats with Periodontitis and Diabetes

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of β-glucan ingestion (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on the plasmatic levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), alveolar bone loss, and pancreatic β-cell function (HOMA-BF) in diabetic rats with periodontal disease (PD). Besides, intestinal morphology was determined by the villus/crypt ratio. A total of 48 Wistar rats weighing 203 ± 18 g were used. Diabetes was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (80 mg/kg) and periodontal inflammation, by ligature. The design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme 2 × 2 × 2 (diabetic or not, with or without periodontitis, and ingesting β-glucan or not). The animals received β-glucan by gavage for 28 days. Alveolar bone loss was determined by scanning electron microscopy (distance between the cementoenamel junction and alveolar bone crest) and histometric analysis (bone area between tooth roots). β-glucan reduced plasmatic levels of TNF-α in diabetic animals with PD and of IL-10 in animals with PD (p < 0.05). β-glucan reduced bone loss in animals with PD (p < 0.05). In diabetic animals, β-glucan improved β-cell function (p < 0.05). Diabetic animals had a higher villus/crypt ratio (p < 0.05). In conclusion, β-glucan ingestion reduced the systemic inflammatory profile, prevented alveolar bone loss, and improved β-cell function in diabetic animals with PD.

Physical Exercise Improves Glycemic and Inflammatory Profile and Attenuates Progression of Periodontitis in Diabetic Rats (HFD/STZ)

“…The presence of PD increased both glycaemia and HbA1c levels in rats not induced to DM, confirming the bidirectional relationship between DM and PD [ 43 ]. This behavior was observed in previous studies using both type 1 (single dose of strepozotocin) [ 44 , 45 ] and type 2 (obese diabetic Zucker rats) [ 46 ] using ligature-induced periodontitis models.…”

“…Besides, in human studies, it is difficult to control environmental and social variables to establish a cause effect measurement of treatment outcomes [ 49 ]. Ligature placement for 14 days results in marked alveolar bone loss [ 23 , 44 , 50 , 51 ]. When this ligature is placed in diabetic animals, alveolar bone loss tends to be worse, as observed in our study [ 44 ].…”

“…Ligature placement for 14 days results in marked alveolar bone loss [ 23 , 44 , 50 , 51 ]. When this ligature is placed in diabetic animals, alveolar bone loss tends to be worse, as observed in our study [ 44 ]. Previous studies of our group [ 39 , 40 ] showed alveolar bone loss and increased levels of TNF-α in diabetic and non-diabetic rats using ligature-induced PD model.…”

“…Previous studies of our group [ 39 , 40 ] showed alveolar bone loss and increased levels of TNF-α in diabetic and non-diabetic rats using ligature-induced PD model. Treatment with beta-glucans decreased TNF-α in diabetic animals [ 44 ] and physical training was able to reduce gingival TNF-α/IL-10 ratio expression [ 40 ]. The increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines derived from PD (such as TNF-α) suppresses the action of insulin by preventing the binding of this hormone to its receptor [ 52 ].…”

Influence of Micronutrient Intake, Sociodemographic, and Behavioral Factors on Periodontal Status of Adults Assisted by a Public Health Care System in Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Multivariate Analysis

“…Animal studies have shown that an increased intake of dietary fiber can reduce the progression of periodontal disease [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. In humans, a study involving 6052 adults also reported that low dietary fiber consumption was associated with worse periodontal status [ 55 ].…”