Effects of ZnS:Mn concentrated vinyl ester matrices under flexural loading on the triboluminescent yield

Dickens, Tarik; Breaux, Jolie; Olawale, David; Sullivan, William G.; Okoli, Okenwa I.

doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2012.01.056

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Dickens et al. 12 explained that based on assumptions from phosphor thermometry, the intensity of TL is proportional to the crystal population, I ≈ d n /d t , present in the bulk material. The population of potentially excited zinc sulfide crystals is represented by “ n ” over a differential time “ t ”.…”

Section: Experimental Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…were able to detect bending-induced micro-cracking to assess the ability of TL-induced composites as micro damage detectors. 12 Their results indicate TL crystals emit light at various intensities corresponding to crystal concentration and imminent matrix fracture and can be a tool used for monitoring micro-cracking in composites. In an ideal structural health monitoring system, it is essential that a damage detector provides critical information about the state of structure before failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light emitting composite beams during matrix cracking

Joshi

Mishra

Campbell

et al. 2017

Journal of Composite Materials

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Defects in fiber-reinforced composite structures tend to initiate unpredictably and unalarmed due to local stress concentrations within a composite structure; this has given rise to active monitoring techniques that can quantify the mechanical stress within composites in order to evaluate the structural health. In this paper, triboluminescent mechanisms are used for damage monitoring of composite matrix under flexural loading. Vinyl ester resin is doped with ZnS:Mn phosphors and reinforced with glass fiber whiskers, were subjected to flexural loading while observing both the triboluminescent and acoustic response using a photo multiplier tube (PMT) and micro-mic respectively. Validity of triboluminescent emissions for determining structural integrity of glass fiber / vinyl ester resin composites through individual waveform analysis was examined. Understanding the failure modes through the captured waveform and observed triboluminescent emissions shows that the matrix cracking failure mode tends to lie in the natural frequency range of 2691–2813 Hz. High correlation between the triboluminescent and acoustic signals at matrix cracking at a frequency of 2800 Hz were found. Future research will discuss the triboluminescent and acoustic emissions behavior for delamination and fiber breakage failure modes.

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Section: Experimental Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light emitting composite beams during matrix cracking

Joshi

Mishra

Campbell

et al. 2017

Journal of Composite Materials

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show abstract

“…By encasing the ML-sensor area and camera in a black box that also includes an UV-excitation source to recharge ML materials within the film. The increased sensitivity of these purpose-built devices would allow one to integrate multi-sensitive ML materials in the film to assess a broad range of applied load [48,49,283,[349][350][351][352][353][354][355][356].…”

Section: Structural Health Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Trap-controlled mechanoluminescent materials

Zhang

Wang

Marriott

et al. 2019

Progress in Materials Science

261

196

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Mechanoluminescence (ML) is generated during exposures of certain materials to mechanical stimuli. Many solid materials produce ML during their fracturing, however, the irreversibility of fracto-induced ML limits the practical applications of these materials. In 1999, Chao-Nan Xu discovered an intense and reproducible ML from trap-controlled materials, including ZnS:Mn 2+ and SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu 2+ , and introduced the principles and applications of hybrid inorganic/organic mechanoluminescent (ML) composites, and related sensors to visualize stress/strain in target structures. This discovery has triggered intense research interest in trap-controlled ML materials and composites over the past 2 decades. Notable achievements of this research include the development of trap-controlled materials that exhibit bright ML emission from the ultraviolet to the near infra-red, and multiscale mechano-optical sensitivities. This research has also increased our understanding of the mechanisms of ML phenomena, enabling the rational design of trap-controlled ML materials. Practical applications of ML are also being driven by the discovery that ML composites can serve as "mechano-optical sensitive skin" for structural health diagnosis, stress sensors for biomechanics, and mechanically-activated light sources. This review focuses on the design, synthesis, characterization, optimization and application of trap-controlled ML materials, and concludes with discussions on future directions of ML research and specific challenges to improve ML materials for real-world applications.

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“…In particular, recent reports such as Jeong et al (2013Jeong et al ( , 2014 on bright light emission from copper doped zinc sulfide micro-particles have been promising owing to durability and repeatability. The phenomenon of mechanoluminescence (ML) has long been known, and in particular, elastico-mechanoluminescence (EML) from doped zinc sulfide materials has been well reported (see, for example, Dickens et al, 2012;Fontenot et al, 2016;Rao et al, 2008;Xu et al, 1999b;Zhang et al, 2012) Xu et al (1999a) have studied the EML of thin solid films of ZnS:Mn nanocrystals fabricated by physical vapor deposition techniques on various substrates. Based on their observations of luminance from 4 T 1 -6 A 1 transition in the emitting center (Mn) during impact and friction tests, they have explained ML as an interaction of piezoelectricity and electroluminescence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic characterization of elastico-mechanoluminescence towards structural health monitoring

Krishnan

Walt

Venkatesh

et al. 2017

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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Light emission from zinc sulfide phosphors during elastic loading (elastico-mechanoluminescence, or EML) is characterized for application in structural health monitoring. Micron-sized EML particles are dispersed in an elastomeric matrix for characterization experiments. Numerical models and experimental investigations are combined to arrive at a correlation between EML emission intensity and average stress acting on phosphor particles. A maximum luminance of 25 cd/m2 is observed from composites with a 6.25:3 phosphor–matrix weight ratio. This intensely bright EML emission is visible under indoor lighting and is attributed to efficient interfacial stress transfer between the matrix and particles facilitated by a moisture-resistant coating. EML emission is captured over 2.5 million actuation cycles and a correlation between the structural health of the elastomer and the measured EML intensity is made. A significant drop in EML emission is observed right before the onset of structural failure which enables real-time prediction and prevention.

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Effects of ZnS:Mn concentrated vinyl ester matrices under flexural loading on the triboluminescent yield

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Light emitting composite beams during matrix cracking

Light emitting composite beams during matrix cracking

Trap-controlled mechanoluminescent materials

Dynamic characterization of elastico-mechanoluminescence towards structural health monitoring

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