Effects of zinc on epidermal ultrastructure in the larva of Clupea harengus

Somasundaram, B.

doi:10.1007/bf00397438

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Copper was also shown to induce degen eration of the upper cell layers of the skin of the brown bullhead and of the branchial epithelial cells of the catfish (Benedetti et al, 1989;Khangarot and Tripathi, 1991). Necrosis of pavement cells occurred also after exposure to zinc or cadmium (Somasundaram, 1985;Iger, 1992) as well as after exposure to low pH water (Wendelaar Bonga et al, 1990).…”

Section: Filament Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular responses in the skin of carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to copper

et al. 1994

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The skin o f carp, Cyprinus carpio, was exam ined at the ultrastructural level after exposure to 1.6 juM (100 fi% I"1) of copper for different periods, up to 43 days. D uring the first 7 days, the skin surface became highly undulating and covered by a web o f glycocalyx and am orphous mucus. At this period, degenerative pavem ent cells (both apoptotic and necrotic) were com m on. D uring the whole period filament cells from the outer epiderm al layers were active in synthesizing secretory vesicles o f high electron density. M itotic activity was enhanced, and was located m ainly in the vicinity o f club cells. M ucous cells differentiated close to the skin surface, became elongated and synthesized highly electron-dense, probably serous, m ucosom es. The latter showed peroxidase activity. M any leucocytes invaded the skin, and chloride cells ap peared close to the epiderm al surface. M erkel cells were depleted o f their secretory vesicles during the first week of copper exposure, but recovered afterw ards. In the dermis, fibroblasts became m ore active in the synthesis and secretion o f collagen. The pigm ent in the melanocytes was dispersed in the first weeks, but this reversed tow ards the end o f the experiment. These changes reflect the sensitivity o f the skin o f fish to w aterborne copper. They are com parable to the effects o f stressors such as cadm ium , lead, or acid water.

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Section: Filament Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular responses in the skin of carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to copper

et al. 1994

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“…Although Jones et al (1966) were unable to find them in an ultrastructural study of the skin of herring larvae Clupea harengus L., Lasker & Threadgold (1968) later found chloride cells in the skin of larvae of another clupeid, the Pacific sardine Sardinops caerulea (Girard). A more detailed study by Somasundaram (1985), using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, eventually established the presence of chloride cells on the head, yolk sac and the regions of the trunk just above the yolk sac in the larvae of Atlantic herring. More recently, Hwang (1989) examined the distribution of chloride cells over the whole body surface of the larvae of three teleost species, the ayu Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck & Schlegel, the flounder Kareius bicoloratus (Basilewsky), and the carp Cyprinus carpio L. He found the difference in number and distribution of chloride cells to vary greatly between species (with the euryhaline ayu having the greatest number of chloride cells) and concluded that the number of chloride cells correlated with the osmoregulatory requirements of the larva which corresponded with the physiological observations of Marshall & Nishioka (1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in chloride cell distribution during early larval stages of Clupea harengus

Wales

Tytler

1996

Journal of Fish Biology

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A non-uniform distribution of cutaneous chloride cells was found in the early, pre-feeding larval stages of herring Clupea harengus. Chloride cells on the head, yolk-sac and trunk regions were unevenly distributed, whereas more densely packed chloride cells were observed in the pericardial and prebranchial regions. The pattern of chloride cell distribution changed during development and two distinct changes are described. The density of choride cells on the ventral trunk increased substantially during the period of yolk absorption, presumably due to contraction of the yolk sac and selective retention of yolk-sac chloride cells. Also during this period the cells on the lateral body wall increased in number and became distributed in segmental bands overlying the myosepta. Most chloride cells were found in association with the haemocoel or primordial blood vessels. Superficial segmental blood vessels were not found in the early larva, but the segmental bands of chloride cells overlay nerve tracts in the myosepta which were tentatively identified as the focal innervation of myotomes. It is concluded that both the circulatory system and the peripheral nervous system may play a role in determining chloride cell distribution in early larvae. 1996 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

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“…Depeche (1973) has described now, under osmotic stress, the apical surface of the chloride cells on the yolksac of Poecilia reticulata were quickly overlapped by adjacent pavement cells. The rare incidence of surface openings of chloride cells was also reported in herring larvae exposed to high zinc concentrations (Somasundaram 1985). Electrolyte losses due to heavy metal exposures have also been described in adult rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri (Spry & Wood 1985, Reid & McDonald 1988) and tilapia, 0. mossambicus (Fu et al 1989).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Morphological changes of integumental chloride cells to ambient cadmium during the early development of the teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus

1996

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SynopsisNewly hatched embryos of Oreochromis mossambicus were reared in freshwater and treated with control low level or high level ppb cadmium for days Changes in the numbers and dimensions of chloride cell apical crypts on the skin of the free embryos were examined daily using scanning electron microscopy The apical crypts of the chloride cells were rarely observed on the skin of the embryo trunk and unevenly distrib uted on the surface of the yolksac Two days after hatching the chloride cells of the free embryos exposed to ppb Cd were more `active than those of the other two groups Compared with the control group the maxi mum dimensions of the developing apical crypts were stimulated by ppb Cd and inhibited by ppb CdThe results indicated that the development of chloride cells in tilapia free embryos was provoked by low level Cd exposure and stunted by high level Cd exposure suggesting the existence of structure function relation ships in which the activation of chloride cells may be related to the ionoregulatory mechanism in adaptation to Cd exposure

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Effects of zinc on epidermal ultrastructure in the larva of Clupea harengus

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Cellular responses in the skin of carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to copper

Cellular responses in the skin of carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to copper

Changes in chloride cell distribution during early larval stages of Clupea harengus

Morphological changes of integumental chloride cells to ambient cadmium during the early development of the teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus

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