Morphological changes of integumental chloride cells to ambient cadmium during the early development of the teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus

Lee, Tsung‐Han; Hwang, Pung‐Pung; Lin, Han

doi:10.1007/bf00000631

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Fish exposed to metals often compensate for the experienced disruption of ion regulation by increasing the number of chloride cells in the gills, a process that implies additional energetic demands (Verbost et al, 1987;Lee et al, 1996;Wong and Wong, 2000). Moreover, additional energy expenditures may be needed to cope with Cd-caused gill damage.…”

Section: Description Of Aop For Growth Impairment By Cadmiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and application of the adverse outcome pathway framework for understanding and predicting chronic toxicity: II. A focus on growth impairment in fish

et al. 2015

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Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) organize knowledge on the progression of toxicity through levels of biological organization. By determining the linkages between toxicity events at different levels, AOPs lay the foundation for mechanism-based alternative testing approaches to hazard assessment. Here, we focus on growth impairment in fish to illustrate the initial stages in the process of AOP development for chronic toxicity outcomes. Growth is an apical endpoint commonly assessed in chronic toxicity tests for which a replacement is desirable. Based on several criteria, we identified reduction in food intake to be a suitable key event for initiation of middle-out AOP development. To start exploring the upstream and downstream links of this key event, we developed three AOP case studies, for pyrethroids, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and cadmium. Our analysis showed that the effect of pyrethroids and SSRIs on food intake is strongly linked to growth impairment, while cadmium causes a reduction in growth due to increased metabolic demands rather than changes in food intake. Locomotion impairment by pyrethroids is strongly linked to their effects on food intake and growth, while for SSRIs their direct influence on appetite may play a more important role. We further discuss which alternative tests could be used to inform on the predictive key events identified in the case studies. In conclusion, our work demonstrates how the AOP concept can be used in practice to assess critically the knowledge available for specific chronic toxicity cases and to identify existing knowledge gaps and potential alternative tests.

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Section: Description Of Aop For Growth Impairment By Cadmiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and application of the adverse outcome pathway framework for understanding and predicting chronic toxicity: II. A focus on growth impairment in fish

et al. 2015

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“…Metabolic costs of toxicant exposure may also be acquired through ionoregulatory disruption (McGeer et al , 2000; Wood, 2001), which may have knock‐on effects for behaviour (Sloman et al , 2002). Toxicant‐induced ionoregulatory disruption is seen in early life stages; cadmium competitively inhibits calcium uptake in tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters 1852) larvae (Chang et al , 1997), down‐regulates calcium transporters in D. rerio larvae (Liu et al , 2012) and directly alters the morphology and density of chloride cells within O. mossambicus embryos (Lee et al , 1996). Low concentrations of cadmium (50 µg l −1 ) stimulated chloride cell activity, whereas higher concentrations (200 µg l −1 ) prevented the development of microvilli in the apical crypts suggesting a reduced ionoregulatory capacity (Lee et al , 1996).…”

Section: Physiological Mechanisms Underlying Behavioural Alterationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toxicant‐induced ionoregulatory disruption is seen in early life stages; cadmium competitively inhibits calcium uptake in tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters 1852) larvae (Chang et al , 1997), down‐regulates calcium transporters in D. rerio larvae (Liu et al , 2012) and directly alters the morphology and density of chloride cells within O. mossambicus embryos (Lee et al , 1996). Low concentrations of cadmium (50 µg l −1 ) stimulated chloride cell activity, whereas higher concentrations (200 µg l −1 ) prevented the development of microvilli in the apical crypts suggesting a reduced ionoregulatory capacity (Lee et al , 1996). Wu et al (2003) found that O. mossambicus larvae exposed to 30–50 µg l −1 of copper showed decreases in whole body sodium, potassium, calcium and water content.…”

Section: Physiological Mechanisms Underlying Behavioural Alterationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using physiology and behaviour to understand the responses of fish early life stages to toxicants

Sloman

McNeil

2012

Journal of Fish Biology

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The use of early life stages of fishes (embryos and larvae) in toxicity testing has been in existence for a long time, generally utilizing endpoints such as morphological defects and mortality. Behavioural endpoints, however, may represent a more insightful evaluation of the ecological effects of toxicants. Indeed, recent years have seen a considerable increase in the use of behavioural measurements in early life stages reflecting a substantial rise in zebrafish Danio rerio early life-stage toxicity testing and the development of automated behavioural monitoring systems. Current behavioural endpoints identified for early life stages in response to toxicant exposure include spontaneous activity, predator avoidance, capture of live food, shoaling ability and interaction with other individuals. Less frequently used endpoints include measurement of anxiogenic behaviours and cognitive ability, both of which are suggested here as future indicators of toxicant disruption. For many simple behavioural endpoints, there is still a need to link behavioural effects with ecological relevance; currently, only a limited number of studies have addressed this issue. Understanding the physiological mechanisms that underlie toxicant effects on behaviour so early in life has received far less attention, perhaps because physiological measurements can be difficult to carry out on individuals of this size. The most commonly established physiological links with behavioural disruption in early life stages are similar to those seen in juveniles and adults including sensory deprivation (olfaction, lateral line and vision), altered neurogenesis and neurotransmitter concentrations. This review highlights the importance of understanding the integrated behavioural and physiological response of early life stages to toxicants and identifies knowledge gaps which present exciting areas for future research.

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“…uptake capacity caused by the toxic effects of Cd 2? , has been shown to occur (Lee et al 1996). It is a general concept that waterborne Ca 2?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of ambient cadmium with calcium on mRNA expressions of calcium uptake related transporters in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae

Liu¹,

Chou

Lin³

et al. 2011

Fish Physiol Biochem

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The mRNA expression levels of Ca²⁺ transporter genes including the epithelial calcium channel (ECaC), sodium/calcium exchanger 1b (NCX1b), and plasma membrane calcium ATPase 2 (PMCA2) were measured in zebrafish larvae after exposure to 0.08 μM Cd²⁺ in either water mixed with 0.2 mM Ca²⁺ (lCa) or 2 mM Ca²⁺ (hCa). The ECaC and NCX1b expression decreased at the 48 and 72 h mark, respectively; however, PMCA2 transcripts decreased at 96 h after exposure to Cd²⁺ in lCa environment. On the other hand, the ECaC transcripts were not affected; however, the PMCA2 transcripts were increased at 72 h, while the NCX1b transcripts significantly decreased at 48 and 96 h after exposure to Cd²⁺ in a hCa environment. The Ca²⁺ contents of larvae significantly decreased after Cd²⁺ exposure in a lCa environment; however, the Ca²⁺ contents were evidently higher after exposure to Cd²⁺ in a hCa environment, except for 48th h mark. In addition, ECaC morphants showed lower Ca²⁺ contents of whole-body, and there were higher levels of mortality after exposure to the same condition compared to the wild-type groups. In contrast, injection of ECaC cRNA resulted in an increase in Ca²⁺ content and the rate of Ca²⁺ influx in zebrafish embryos. Summary, the results showed that the Ca²⁺ transporters of zebrafish larvae were impacted after exposures of 0.08 μM Cd. However, in the exposure condition, the ECaC and PMCA2 transcripts could be restored to control levels after the fish were treated in an environment with hCa.

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Morphological changes of integumental chloride cells to ambient cadmium during the early development of the teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Development and application of the adverse outcome pathway framework for understanding and predicting chronic toxicity: II. A focus on growth impairment in fish

Development and application of the adverse outcome pathway framework for understanding and predicting chronic toxicity: II. A focus on growth impairment in fish

Using physiology and behaviour to understand the responses of fish early life stages to toxicants

Effects of ambient cadmium with calcium on mRNA expressions of calcium uptake related transporters in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae

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