Effects of whey protein on glycemic control and serum lipoproteins in patients with metabolic syndrome and related conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

Amirani, Elaheh; Milajerdi, Alireza; Reiner, Željko; Mirzaei, Hamed; Mansournia, Mohammad Alì; Asemi, Zatollah

doi:10.1186/s12944-020-01384-7

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…For example a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled clinical trials study suggests that supplementation with whey protein had beneficial effect on several indicators of glycemic control and lipid parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome and related conditions. Consumption of whey protein resulted in significant reduction of HbA1c, insulin and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and a significant reduction in triglycerides levels, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol levels and total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio was found as well [61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of whey protein supplementation on weight and body composition indicators: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Sepandi

Samadi

Shirvani

et al. 2022

Clinical Nutrition ESPEN

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of whey protein supplementation on weight and body composition indicators: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Sepandi

Samadi

Shirvani

et al. 2022

Clinical Nutrition ESPEN

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“…Increasing protein intake beyond the RDA has been suggested as a promising strategy to enhance cardiometabolic health. 9 A recent meta-analysis demonstrated beneficial effects of higher vs. lower protein diets on LDL-cholesterol and HOMA-IR (but not fasting glucose/HbA1c or blood pressure) in middle-aged and older adults with type 2 diabetes, 11 and another meta-analysis 12 evaluating the specific effects of whey protein in healthy/metabolically impaired adults (18-80 years) showed reductions in fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and LDL-cholesterol (but not HDL-cholesterol or plasma glucose), which corroborates our findings. In the meta-analysis of the latter study, 12 an interaction was observed between study duration and changes in fasting insulin, whereby longer duration studies were more likely to show beneficial effects of whey protein on this biomarker.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,9,10 For instance, whey protein modulates incretin hormones and is highly insulinotropic, and immunoglobins present in whey protein possesses anti-inflammatory properties. 7,9,10 Epidemiological and interventional studies 9,11,12 support this by showing the benefits of whey protein on markers of cardiometabolic disease in healthy and clinical populations; however, long-term randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to confirm these findings in older populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leucine‐enriched whey protein supplementation, resistance‐based exercise, and cardiometabolic health in older adults: a randomized controlled trial

Kirk

Mooney

Vogrin

et al. 2021

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background Increasing protein intake (above the Recommended Dietary Amount) alone or with resistance-based exercise is suggested to improve cardiometabolic health; however, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to confirm this. Methods The Liverpool Hope University-Sarcopenia Aging Trial (LHU-SAT) was a 16 week RCT (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02912130) of 100 community-dwelling older adults [mean age: 68.73 ± 5.80 years, body mass index: 27.06 ± 5.18 kg/m 2 (52% women)] who were randomized to four independent groups [Control (C), Exercise (E), Exercise + Protein (EP), Protein (P)]. E and EP completed supervised and progressive resistance-based exercise (resistance exercise: two times per week, functional circuit exercise: once per week), while EP and P were supplemented with a leucine-enriched whey protein drink (three times per day) based on individual body weight (0.50 g/kg/meal, 1.50 g/kg/day). Outcome measures including arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity), fasting plasma/serum biomarkers [glucose/glycated haemoglobin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein, insulin, resistin, leptin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, cystatin-C, & ferritin], insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and kidney function (eGFR) were measured before and after intervention. Results Total protein intake (habitual diet plus supplementation) increased to 1.55 ± 0.69 g/kg/day in EP and to 1.93 ± 0.72 g/kg/day in P, and remained significantly lower (P < 0.001) in unsupplemented groups (E: 1.08 ± 0.33 g/kg/day, C: 1.00 ± 0.26 g/kg/day). At 16 weeks, there was a group-by-time interaction whereby absolute changes in LDL-cholesterol were lower in EP [mean difference: À0.

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“…A recent systematic review and meta-analysis of 22 RCTs examining the effects of whey protein on glycemic status in patients with metabolic syndrome, reported that consumption of whey protein decreased significantly HbA1c, insulin/triglyceride/total cholesterol levels, and IR without effects on HDL cholesterol and fasting blood glucose levels [427]. Whey protein intake has been suggested to improve metabolic parameters due to bioactive substances, including immunoglobulins, glutamine, lactoferrin, and lactalbumin, which have been shown to activate the release of incretin hormones including GIP and GLP-1, whilst peptides from whey hydrolyzation have also been shown to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase-IV and inhibit degradation of GIP and GLP-1 [427,428], all of which may have an important role in the improvement of IR [427]. Whey protein is an excellent source of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and it has been shown that after its digestion, a rapid increase in amino acids, particularly BCAAs leads to insulin release, which may improve postprandial hyperglycemia [427].…”

Section: Probiotic Dairy Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whey protein intake has been suggested to improve metabolic parameters due to bioactive substances, including immunoglobulins, glutamine, lactoferrin, and lactalbumin, which have been shown to activate the release of incretin hormones including GIP and GLP-1, whilst peptides from whey hydrolyzation have also been shown to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase-IV and inhibit degradation of GIP and GLP-1 [427,428], all of which may have an important role in the improvement of IR [427]. Whey protein is an excellent source of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and it has been shown that after its digestion, a rapid increase in amino acids, particularly BCAAs leads to insulin release, which may improve postprandial hyperglycemia [427].…”

Section: Probiotic Dairy Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Diet, Lifestyle, Chrononutrition and Alternative Dietary Interventions on Postprandial Glycemia and Insulin Resistance

et al. 2022

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As years progress, we are found more often in a postprandial than a postabsorptive state. Chrononutrition is an integral part of metabolism, pancreatic function, and hormone secretion. Eating most calories and carbohydrates at lunch time and early afternoon, avoiding late evening dinner, and keeping consistent number of daily meals and relative times of eating occasions seem to play a pivotal role for postprandial glycemia and insulin sensitivity. Sequence of meals and nutrients also play a significant role, as foods of low density such as vegetables, salads, or soups consumed first, followed by protein and then by starchy foods lead to ameliorated glycemic and insulin responses. There are several dietary schemes available, such as intermittent fasting regimes, which may improve glycemic and insulin responses. Weight loss is important for the treatment of insulin resistance, and it can be achieved by many approaches, such as low-fat, low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean-style diets, etc. Lifestyle interventions with small weight loss (7–10%), 150 min of weekly moderate intensity exercise and behavioral therapy approach can be highly effective in preventing and treating type 2 diabetes. Similarly, decreasing carbohydrates in meals also improves significantly glycemic and insulin responses, but the extent of this reduction should be individualized, patient-centered, and monitored. Alternative foods or ingredients, such as vinegar, yogurt, whey protein, peanuts and tree nuts should also be considered in ameliorating postprandial hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. This review aims to describe the available evidence about the effects of diet, chrononutrition, alternative dietary interventions and exercise on postprandial glycemia and insulin resistance.

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Effects of whey protein on glycemic control and serum lipoproteins in patients with metabolic syndrome and related conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

Cited by 19 publications

References 54 publications

Effect of whey protein supplementation on weight and body composition indicators: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Effect of whey protein supplementation on weight and body composition indicators: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Leucine‐enriched whey protein supplementation, resistance‐based exercise, and cardiometabolic health in older adults: a randomized controlled trial

Effects of Diet, Lifestyle, Chrononutrition and Alternative Dietary Interventions on Postprandial Glycemia and Insulin Resistance

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