Effects of Weight Loss on Advanced Glycation End Products in Subjects with and without Diabetes: A Preliminary Report

Abstract

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are formed endogenously as a normal ageing process and during food processing. High levels of AGEs have been implicated in the development of both macrovascular disease and microvascular disease. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to determine whether a major AGE species, Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML), was reduced after weight loss. CML values decreased by 17% after weight loss. Participants with diabetes and pre-diabetes had a lower CML values at baseline and a smaller change in CML than overweight participants without diabetes. We conclude that, in addition to the known health benefits, weight loss may reduce AGEs. Randomized studies of the effect of weight loss on AGE in people with and without type 2 diabetes are needed to confirm these results.

Can advanced glycation end‐products and their receptors be affected by weight loss? A systematic review

“…Sample sizes of the studies ranged from 22 to 85 subjects. One study included only women, the other eight studies included participants of both sexes (female: 76.9%, n = 350; male: 23.1%, n = 105) . The mean + SD age of the participants from seven studies was 46.2 ± 8.6 years .…”

“…One study included only women, the other eight studies included participants of both sexes (female: 76.9%, n = 350; male: 23.1%, n = 105) . The mean + SD age of the participants from seven studies was 46.2 ± 8.6 years . In the other two studies, the age (median and interquartile range) was 44.0 (35.0‐55.0) and 43.5 (33‐55) .…”

“…Three studies (33.3%) included only healthy overweight subjects, three studies (33.3%) included subjects with morbid obesity, two studies (22.2%) included patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and one study (11.2%) included healthy overweight and participants with T2DM or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) . Three studies (33.4%) evaluated the response of AGEs to energy‐restricted diets, and six (66.6%) evaluate sRAGE as the primary result to the weight management intervention, bariatric surgery (22.2%), energy‐restricted diet (22.2%), or both (22.2%) . Among the included studies, there is one longitudinal study, five clinical trials, and three cohort studies, with a duration varying from 2 to 36 months .…”

“…Three studies (33.4%) evaluated the response of AGEs to energy‐restricted diets, and six (66.6%) evaluate sRAGE as the primary result to the weight management intervention, bariatric surgery (22.2%), energy‐restricted diet (22.2%), or both (22.2%) . Among the included studies, there is one longitudinal study, five clinical trials, and three cohort studies, with a duration varying from 2 to 36 months . In the present review, we only included data from participants who underwent a weight management intervention.…”

“…Moreover, overeating can also promote oxidative stress and as a result increase endogenous AGE formation . Therefore, weight management interventions, such as energy‐restricted diets and bariatric surgery, could play a role in decreasing serum AGE concentrations, both by reducing intake and endogenous formation . Additionally, recent studies have suggested that sRAGE concentrations could be a novel biomarker to identify patients with obesity that would most likely benefit from weight management interventions, but the results are still conflicting and further research is warranted.…”