Effects of Water Velocity on Growth Performance of Juvenile Japanese Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

Abstract

Critical swimming speed (Ucrit) of juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus with 12.5‐cm body length was determined to be 1.8‐body lengthkec. A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of water velocity on growth and other nutritional parameters of juvenile flounder (initial mean body weight: 5.7 g/fish), which is a sedentary species. The fish were raised in three water velocities, < 0.3 body length/sec (control), 0.9 body length/sec (slow) and 2.1 body length/sec (moderate), for 8 wk. Over the course of the feeding trial, the weight gain of the control, slow and moderate groups of fish were. 634%. 671% and 564%. respectively (significant between slow and moderate groups). A second order polynomial suggested that the optimum water velocity occurred at about 1.0 body length/sec. The feed efficiency of the moderate group (1.48) was significantly lower than those of the control (1.56) and slow (1.56) groups, while there were no significant differences in feed intake (1.72–1.75% of wet biomass) among the treatments. Water velocity did not affect the proximate composition of the whole body; however, rearing the fish at the moderate water velocity did slightly but significantly reduce protein retention. Lipid content of fin muscles was significantly different among the treatments: control (14.9%), slow (17.6%) and moderate groups (11.6%). Unlike salmonids, water current does not seem effective for improving growth and feed efficiency in juvenile Japanese flounder.

Effects of water current on growth performance of juvenile Gambusia affinis and Tanichthys albonubes at different ration levels

“…At the medium ration, the energy consumption and swimming activity increased in flowing water at 1.5 bl/s, resulting in a significant decrease in the growth rates and condition factors for T. albonubes as less energy intake was insufficient to sustain high metabolic activity and growth simultaneously. However, Davison et al [13] reported that Fig. 4.…”

“…It has been documented that the effects of the water current on the fish growth vary according to different water velocities and fish species. In some species, water current promotes growth [10][11] while it also has a negative effect on some species with weaker swimming ability [12][13][14]. Moreover, there are fewer and more obvious seasonal variations in the amounts of animal baits such as zooplankton in stream habitats than in static water habits [15].…”

Intermittent sustained swimming in 'matrinxã' Brycon amazonicus (Bryconidae: Bryconinae): hematological and metabolic responses

“…The adaptive feature resultant from sustained swimming encourages thinking upon the possibility of reducing occasional and undesirable effects of stress through the use of this practice and/ or derivatives. There are evidences that sustained swimming enhances the growth rate (Young & Cech Jr., 1994;Azuma et al, 2002;Hackbarth & Moraes, 2006;Moraes et al, 2009), the feeding conversion and the efficiency of nutrient utilization (Davison, 1997;Ogata & Oku, 2000;Yogata & Oku, 2000;Hackbarth & Moraes, 2006;, the survival rate (Totland et al, 1987;Takle et al, 2010), and reduces the aggressiveness in some species Kieffer et al, 2009).…”

“…This type of exercise for long term has been proposed to improve the farming of several species. One has been observed a correlation between sustained swimming intensity and the fish performance in accordance with species, eg: rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri (= Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Houlihan & Laurent, 1987), salmon Salmo salar (Davison, 1997), brown-trout Salmo trutta (Bugeon et al, 2003), striped bass Morone saxatilis (Young & Cech Jr., 1994), red sea bream Pagrus major (Forster & Ogata, 1996), masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou masou (= Oncorhynchus masou) (Azuma et al, 2002), Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Ogata & Oku, 2000) and yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata (Yogata & Oku, 2000). Concerning the hematological parameters, it has been reported distinct changes as well (Lowe & Wells, 1997;Moraes et al, 2009).…”

Extrinsic Factors Influencing Somatic Growth of Lake Sturgeon

“…; Lorenzen and Enberg ; Hazlerigg et al. ), as well as the energetic costs of food acquisition (Ogata and Oku ; Merino et al. ; Parker and Barnes ) and predator avoidance (Connell ; Brönmark et al.…”