The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the resistance training (RT) on the lipid profile and metabolism, oxidative stress, and activity of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in the left ventricle (LV) of dietinduced obesity rats. Methods: Forty males Wistar rats 90 days-old were grouped into four groups (n=10): i) Sedentary group (SED); ii) Obese sedentary group, feed with high-fat diet (Ob-SED); iii) Resistance Trained group (RT), and iv) Obese Resistance trained group (Ob-RT). The LV was assayed to Obesity index, LV lipid content, citrate synthase activity, lipid peroxidation (TBARS), enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems, lipid profile, cardio-metabolic parameters, and activity of MMP-2. Results: High-fat diet was associated with manifestations of the obesity, body mass gain, and increased obesity index, accompanied by an alteration in the lipid profile. On the other hand, RT was able to prevent body weight gain, to reduce the obesity index and to improve the lipid profile, to elevate the activation of the citrate synthase, and to decrease MMP-2 activity in the LV of obese rats. Conclusion: RT positively modulated blood lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes preventing the increased activity of MMP-2 in the left ventricle from rats fed with high-fat diet.

Recently, low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) has been used to improve muscle performance. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of near-infrared light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) and its mechanisms of action to improve muscle performance in an elite athlete. The kinetics of oxygen uptake (VO2), blood and urine markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase – CK and alanine) and fatigue (lactate) were analyzed. Additionally, some metabolic parameters were assessed in urine using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). A LED cluster with 50 LEDs (λ = 850 nm; 50mW 15 s; 37.5 J) was applied on legs, arms and trunk muscles of a single runner athlete 5 min before a high-intense constant workload running exercise on treadmill. The athlete received either Placebo-1-LEDT; Placebo-2-LEDT; or Effective-LEDT in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial with washout period of 7 d between each test. LEDT improved the speed of the muscular VO2 adaptation (~−9 s), decreased O2 deficit (~−10 L), increased the VO2 from the slow component phase (~+348 ml min−1) and increased the time limit of exercise (~+589 s). LEDT decreased blood and urine markers of muscle damage and fatigue (CK, alanine and lactate levels). The results suggest that a muscular pre-conditioning regimen using LEDT before intense exercises could modulate metabolic and renal function to achieve better performance.

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This study aimed to determine the expression of omentin and vaspin, inflammatory markers, body composition, and lipid profile in diet-induced obese rats and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: untrained normal diet, trained normal diet (T-ND), untrained high-fat diet (Unt-HFD), and trained high-fat diet (T-HFD). For the animals of the Unt-HFD and T-HFD groups, a high-fat diet was offered for 4 weeks. After that, all the animals in the T-ND and T-HFD groups were submitted to HITT, three times per week, for 10 weeks (2 weeks of adaptation and 8 weeks of HIIT). Muscle (gastrocnemius), liver, epididymal adipose tissue, retroperitoneal adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and serum were collected to analyze TNF-α, IL-6, PCR, IL-8, IL-10, IL-4, vaspin, and omentin. A body composition analysis was performed before adaptation to HIIT protocol and after the last exercise session using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Omentin and vaspin in the VAT were quantified using Western blotting. The results showed that, when fed a high-fat diet, the animals obtained significant gains in body fat and elevated serum concentrations of vaspin and blood triglycerides. The HIIT was able to minimize body fat gain but did not reduce visceral fat despite the increase in maximum exercise capacity. Moreover, there was a reduction in the serum levels of adiponectin, IL-6, and IL-10. Finally, we concluded that, although the training protocol was able to slow down the weight gain of the animals, there was no reduction in visceral fat or an improvement in the inflammatory profile, including no changes in omentin and vaspin.

-The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of sustained swimming and dietary protein levels on growth and hematological responses of juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). A completely randomized design was used in a 3x2 factorial arrangement, with three levels of dietary protein (24, 28, and 32% crude protein), two rearing conditions (sustained swimming or motionless water), and 15 replicates. Fish were subjected to sustained swimming at the velocity of two body lengths per second (2 BL s -1 ), for 45 days. The level of dietary protein and the swimming conditions affected the performance, growth, and hematological profile of pacu. Swimming conditions influenced nutritional factors, increasing daily weight gain, specific growth rate, number of erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Fish under sustained swimming and fed with 24% crude protein showed better growth performance, with higher specific growth rate (4.11±0.88) and higher daily weight gain (2.19±0.47 g per day). Sustained swimming can increase the productive performance of pacu and simultaneously reduce dietary protein levels.Index terms: Piaractus mesopotamicus, erythropoiesis, exercise, growth rate, weight gain. Crescimento e hematologia de pacu submetido a natação sustentada e alimentado com diferentes níveis proteicosResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da natação sustentada e de níveis de proteína na dieta sobre o crescimento e a resposta hematológica de juvenis de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 3x2, com três níveis de proteína na dieta (24, 28 e 32% de proteína bruta), duas condições de criação (natação sustentada ou água imóvel) e 15 repetições. Os peixes foram submetidos à natação sustentada na velocidade de duas vezes o comprimento corporal por segundo (2 CC s -1 ), por 45 dias. O nível de proteína da dieta e as condições de nado afetaram o desempenho, o crescimento e o perfil hematológico do pacu. As condições de nado influenciaram os fatores nutricionais, com aumento de ganho de peso diário, taxa de crescimento específico, número de eritrócitos, volume corpuscular médio e hemoglobina corpuscular média. Peixes sob natação sustentada e alimentados com 24% de proteína bruta apresentaram melhor desempenho de crescimento, com maior taxa de crescimento específico (4,11±0,88) e maior ganho em peso diário (2,19±0,47 g por dia). A natação sustentada pode aumentar o desempenho produtivo de pacus e ao mesmo tempo reduzir os níveis de proteína na dieta.Termos para indexação: Piaractus mesopotamicus, eritropoiese, exercício, taxa de crescimento, ganho em peso.