Effects of water clarity on lake stratification and lake‐atmosphere heat exchange

Heiskanen, Jouni; Mammarella, Ivan; Ojala, Anne; Stepanenko, Victor; Erkkilä, Kukka‐Maaria; Miettinen, Heli; Sandström, Heidi; Eugster, Werner; Leppäranta, Matti; Järvinen, Heikki; Vesala, Timo; Nordbo, Annika

doi:10.1002/2014jd022938

Cited by 88 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…SDD is a suitable characteristic to describe water transparency for small values of K d . For high values of K d (ranging above 4 m −1 ), Arst et al (2008) and Heiskanen et al (2015) suggested that SDD is unable to describe any changes in K d . Figure 3 also shows that SDD cannot describe the scatter of K d for values above 4 m −1 .…”

Section: Evaluation Of Coastcolour K Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study found a critical threshold for K d (0.5 m −1 ) in 1-D lake models. Heiskanen et al (2015) concluded that for too-clear waters (K d < 0.5 m −1 ), the model is much more sensitive to K d . The study recommends a global mapping of K d to run the FLake model for regions with clear waters (K d < 0.5 m −1 ) for future use in NWP models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This variable is considered as an apparent optical property and is parameterized using the light extinction coefficient (K d ) to describe the absorption of shortwave radiation within the water body as a function of depth (Heiskanen et al, 2015). A global constant value of K d is usually used to run lake models, including FLake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Martynov, personal communication, 2015) for all North American lakes, including Lake Erie, for the years [2005][2006][2007]. Heiskanen et al (2015) evaluated the sensitivity of two 1-D lake models, LAKE and FLake, to seasonal variations and the general level of K d for simulating water temperature profiles and turbulent fluxes of heat and momentum in a small boreal Finnish lake. Modeled values were compared to those measured for the lake during the ice-free period of 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Satellite-derived light extinction coefficient and its impact on thermal structure simulations in a 1-D lake model

Zolfaghari

Duguay

Pour

2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract.A global constant value of the extinction coefficient (K d ) is usually specified in lake models to parameterize water clarity. This study aimed to improve the performance of the 1-D freshwater lake (FLake) model using satellite-derived K d for Lake Erie. The CoastColour algorithm was applied to MERIS satellite imagery to estimate K d . The constant (0.2 m −1 ) and satellite-derived K d values as well as radiation fluxes and meteorological station observations were then used to run FLake for a meteorological station on Lake Erie. Results improved compared to using the constant K d value (0.2 m −1 ). No significant improvement was found in FLake-simulated lake surface water temperature (LSWT) when K d variations in time were considered using a monthly average. Therefore, results suggest that a timeindependent, lake-specific, and constant satellite-derived K d value can reproduce LSWT with sufficient accuracy for the Lake Erie station.A sensitivity analysis was also performed to assess the impact of various K d values on the simulation outputs. Results show that FLake is sensitive to variations in K d to estimate the thermal structure of Lake Erie. Dark waters result in warmer spring and colder fall temperatures compared to clear waters. Dark waters always produce colder mean water column temperature (MWCT) and lake bottom water temperature (LBWT), shallower mixed layer depth (MLD), longer ice cover duration, and thicker ice. The sensitivity of FLake to K d variations was more pronounced in the simulation of MWCT, LBWT, and MLD. The model was particularly sensitive to K d values below 0.5 m −1 . This is the first study to assess the value of integrating K d from the satellite-based CoastColour algorithm into the FLake model. Satellite-derived K d is found to be a useful input parameter for simulations with FLake and possibly other lake models, and it has potential for applicability to other lakes where K d is not commonly measured.

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Section: Evaluation Of Coastcolour K Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Satellite-derived light extinction coefficient and its impact on thermal structure simulations in a 1-D lake model

Zolfaghari

Duguay

Pour

2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Similarly, milder winters, shortening ice cover and less snow cover on ice occurring in NENA and around the northern latitudes [50,51] will all contribute to lowered lake albedo, earlier stratification and longer duration of energy absorption, resulting in intensified summer warming [11,12,52]. Changes in wind speed [53,54], water transparency [55,56] and hydrologic inflows [54] can all alter lake warming rates.…”

Section: Near-surface Warmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparency, Geomorphology and Mixing Regime Explain Variability in Trends in Lake Temperature and Stratification across Northeastern North America (1975–2014)

Richardson

Melles

Pilla

et al. 2017

Water

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Lake surface water temperatures are warming worldwide, raising concerns about the future integrity of valuable lake ecosystem services. In contrast to surface water temperatures, we know far less about what is happening to water temperature beneath the surface, where most organisms live. Moreover, we know little about which characteristics make lakes more or less sensitive to climate change and other environmental stressors. We examined changes in lake thermal structure for 231 lakes across northeastern North America (NENA), a region with an exceptionally high density of lakes. We determined how lake thermal structure has changed in recent decades and assessed which lake characteristics are related to changes in lake thermal structure. In general, NENA lakes had increasing near-surface temperatures and thermal stratification strength. On average, changes in deepwater temperatures for the 231 lakes were not significantly different than zero, but individually, half of the lakes experienced warming and half cooling deepwater temperature through time. More transparent lakes (Secchi transparency >5 m) tended to have higher near-surface warming and greater increases in strength of thermal stratification than less transparent lakes. Whole-lake warming was greatest in polymictic lakes, where frequent summer mixing distributed heat throughout the water column. Lakes often function as important sentinels of climate change, but lake characteristics within and across regions modify the magnitude of the signal with important implications for lake biology, ecology and chemistry.

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Evaluation of the WRF‐lake model over a highland freshwater lake in southwest China

Liu

et al. 2016

JGR Atmospheres

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Evaluation of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model version 3.7.1 lake model performance on lake physical processes and lake‐atmosphere interaction at Erhai Lake was conducted with in situ observation data sets over the lake to verify the model results. The lake model with default parameters presented significant negative bias during the day and positive bias during the night on lake surface temperature. Calibrations of water absorption and extinction coefficients, surface roughness length, and eddy diffusion coefficient were carried out to correct this bias. The added absorption and extinction coefficients increased solar radiation in upper water layer, leading to a little higher surface temperature. Compared to constant surface roughness lengths, parameterization of roughness lengths as functions of friction velocity and fetch length significantly improved simulations of lake surface temperature and sensible heat flux. In Erhai Lake, eddy diffusion coefficient of the Henderson‐Sellers parameterization is smaller than that in deep lakes. The eddy diffusion coefficient was reduced by a factor of 0.05 in dry season and 0.02 in wet season, respectively, to restrict mixing strength, generating a reasonable diurnal range with observed surface temperature. The adjusted parameter simulations matched better with in situ observations in diurnal cycle of temperature and surface heat fluxes but still overestimated wind speed. Topographic correction is effective to correct the bias, indicating that topographic correction over complex terrain was necessary.

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Effects of water clarity on lake stratification and lake‐atmosphere heat exchange

Cited by 88 publications

References 58 publications

Satellite-derived light extinction coefficient and its impact on thermal structure simulations in a 1-D lake model

Satellite-derived light extinction coefficient and its impact on thermal structure simulations in a 1-D lake model

Transparency, Geomorphology and Mixing Regime Explain Variability in Trends in Lake Temperature and Stratification across Northeastern North America (1975–2014)

Evaluation of the WRF‐lake model over a highland freshwater lake in southwest China

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