Effects of water activity on morphology, growth and blastospore production ofMetarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces farinosus in batch and fed-batch culture

Humphreys, Anne M.; Matewele, Paul; Trinci, Anthony P. J.; Gillespie, A. T.

doi:10.1016/s0953-7562(89)80063-2

Cited by 61 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Fungal growth was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, as described by Freimoser et al (1999), with respect to a standard curve prepared from 4 days blastospores in vitro. The blastospores were produced by the method of Humphreys et al (1989). The MTT was added to the medium 16 h before the measurement.…”

Section: Mtt Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid phosphatases of Metarhizium anisopliae during infection of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta

Xia

Clarkson

Charnley

2001

Archives of Microbiology

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Three acid phosphatase (AcP) isozymes, pI 8.1, 8.0 and 7.8, were isolated, purified and partially characterised from optimised cultures of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. The enzymes had similar molecular masses (approximately 44.0 kDa), and could degrade sugar phosphates found in the haemolymph of a host insect, the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta. The AcP activity in haemolymph of mycosed insects increased significantly over controls, and some new isozymes were present. The infection-related isoforms were similar in molecular mass and pI to some of the in vitro AcP isozymes of M. anisopliae. Results of dot blot and Western blot analyses using anti-AcP antibodies suggested that at least one Metarhizium phosphatase isoform was present in haemolymph of infected caterpillars. Antibodies did not cross-react with immune (chemically stimulated) or non-immune haemolymph from Manduca sexta. Consistent with the appearance of highly active fungal phosphatase in caterpillar blood, free phosphate concentration increased dramatically during the late stages of infection to a level two to five times that of controls. Phosphate was limiting to growth of the fungus at the concentration found in control haemolymph and supplementation of phosphate significantly increased fungal growth in vitro in haemolymph. These results suggest that Metarhizium AcP may play a key role in providing phosphorus for fungal growth at the expense of the insect.

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Section: Mtt Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid phosphatases of Metarhizium anisopliae during infection of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta

Xia

Clarkson

Charnley

2001

Archives of Microbiology

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“…Solid media usually give rise to aerial conidia while liquid media can give rise to thin-walled blastospores. Aerial conidia are generally more robust than the blastospores (Humphreys, Matewele, Trinci, and Gillespie 1989;Hegedus, Bidochka, and Khachatourians 1990). Manipulation of the culture media (osmolarity, C:N ratio) can improve virulence (Ibrahim, Butt, and Jenkinson 2002;Warren 2005a, 2005b;Shah, Wang, and Butt 2005;Safavi et al 2007) and influence the robustness of conidia during drying.…”

Section: Cultural Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural and released inoculum levels of entomopathogenic fungal biocontrol agents in soil in relation to risk assessment and in accordance with EU regulations

Scheepmaker

Butt

2010

Biocontrol Science and Technology

120

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Entomopathogenic fungi being developed as biological control agents (BCAs) may have the potential to spread and become established in the environment. For registration purposes, the risks concerning their persistence have to be evaluated according to EU legislation which requires the decline of BCAs to acceptable background levels unless related risks are acceptable. In order to deal with this requirement, applicants of a BCA need to give information on its persistence and natural background levels. For risk assessors and registration authorities guidance on how to evaluate data on natural background levels of indigenously occurring species (0same species as the introduced BCA) is needed. For this purpose, an overview is presented on background levels of some indigenous fungi as well as persistence data of some applied fungal BCAs. Data were restricted to commerical species. It was found that for the species Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Beauveria brongniartii natural densities were relatively low and introduced strains of these fungi decreased gradually in time. Many factors were found in the literature, such as intrinsic, edaphic, biotic, climatic, and cultural factors, that could explain this decline.

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“…Soil moisture is another important constraint on fungal growth and sporulation. Most entomopathogenic fungi require a relative humidity (RH) of 95-100% for growth (Ferron, 1977;Walstadt et al, 1970), whereas studies on water activity requirements (a w ) revealed values between 0.97 and 0.99 (Hallsworth and Magan, 1999;Humphreys et al, 1989). The soil water potential, which gives a more accurate measurement of the energy of water involved (Griffin, 1963), was evaluated to determine water requirements in the soil (Li and Holdom, 1993;Studdert and Kaya, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of application time and soil factors on the occurrence of Beauveria brongniartii applied as a biological control agent in soil

Kessler¹,

Matzke²,

Keller³

2003

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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Effects of water activity on morphology, growth and blastospore production ofMetarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces farinosus in batch and fed-batch culture

Cited by 61 publications

References 9 publications

Acid phosphatases of Metarhizium anisopliae during infection of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta

Acid phosphatases of Metarhizium anisopliae during infection of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta

Natural and released inoculum levels of entomopathogenic fungal biocontrol agents in soil in relation to risk assessment and in accordance with EU regulations

The effect of application time and soil factors on the occurrence of Beauveria brongniartii applied as a biological control agent in soil

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