The effect of application time and soil factors on the occurrence of Beauveria brongniartii applied as a biological control agent in soil

Kessler, Philip; Matzke, H.; Keller, Siegfried

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2003.08.003

Cited by 62 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Nitrogen availability in soils is important component for fungal growth (Rousk and Baath, 2007). Other studies also reported that low occurrence of EPF in soil with high organic matter content was due to the presence of high activity of antagonistic microorganisms in the soil (Studdert and Kaya, 1990;Vänninen et al, 2000;Kessler et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Occurrence of Entomopathogenic Fungi on Mineral and Peat Soils in Peninsular Malaysia

Kin¹,

Azmi²,

Kamarudin³

et al. 2017

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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The aims of this study are to isolate and identify Entomopathogenic Fungi (EPF) from mineral and peat soils in relation with the soil physico-chemical parameters. The mineral soil was sampled from the MPOB Research Station Hulu Paka in Terengganu, whereas peat soil was sampled from the MPOB Research Station Teluk Intan in Perak. Isolation of these fungi was carried out using a selective medium. Morphological characteristics of fungi were studied by observing the mycelium and conidia grown on agar plates using a light microscope. Soil physico-chemical parameters such as pH, water content, carbon and nitrogen content were also determined. Two species of EPF isolated from both types of soils were identified as Isaria amoenerosea and Metarhizium anisopliae. On potato dextrose agar, the colony of I. amoenerosea was pink in colour and slow growing with floccose mycelium which producing conidiophores with 3 to 4 phialides. The conidia were subglobose or irregular shapes between 2.0-3.0 µm long × 1.7-2.0 µm wide. The colony of M. anisopliae was whitish yellow and turned to dark green when matured; slow growing with floccose mycelium. The conidia were cylindrical with the dimension ranging from 6.0-7.0 µm long × 2.0-2.8 µm wide. The result shows that the occurrence of I. amoenerosea was more dominant than M. anisopliae. In mineral soil, out of 30 samples, I. amoenerosea was isolated from 25 soil samples (83%), while the M. anisopliae was only found in 15 samples (50%). In peat soil, out of 36 samples collected, 26 samples (72%) were found with I. amoenerosea, while the fungus M. anisopliae was isolated from eight samples (22%). In this study, the occurrence of EPF on mineral soil was higher than from peat soil, which was possibly due to low water content, high soil temperature and low C/N ratio.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Occurrence of Entomopathogenic Fungi on Mineral and Peat Soils in Peninsular Malaysia

Kin¹,

Azmi²,

Kamarudin³

et al. 2017

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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“…Two adjacent plots of 400 m 2 (20 by 20 m) each were either treated with the commercially available B. brongniartii BCA product Beauveria-Schweizer (E. Schweizer Seeds Ltd., Thun, Switzerland) or left as an untreated control. The BCA product consisting of barley kernels overgrown with B. brongniartii strain DSMZ 15205 (BCA strain) was applied once in spring 2002 in quantities of 40 to 50 kg ha Ϫ1 (30). In September 2004, five soil samples from the treated plot (T1 to T5) and from the untreated control (C1 to C5) were collected.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At each of the evenly distributed sampling points, two adjacent soil cores were taken using a stainless-steel corer with an internal diameter of 5.5 cm. The 5-to 15-cm-depth fractions of adjacent cores were pooled (30) and stored at 4°C until use (see below).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation-Independent Analysis of Fungal Genotypes in Soil by Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

Schwarzenbach

Widmer

Enkerli

2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Cultivation-independent analyses of fungi are used for community profiling as well as identification of specific strains in environmental samples. The objective of the present study was to adapt genotyping based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker detection for use in cultivation-independent monitoring of fungal species or strains in bulk soil DNA. As a model system, a fungal biocontrol agent (BCA) based on Beauveria brongniartii, for which six SSR markers have been developed, was used. Species specificity of SSR detection was verified with 15 fungal species. Real-time PCR was used to adjust for different detection sensitivities of the six SSR markers as well as for different template quantities. The limit for reliable detection per PCR assay was below 2 pg target DNA, corresponding to an estimated 45 genome copies of B. brongniartii. The cultivation-independent approach was compared to cultivationdependent SSR analysis with soil samples from a B. brongniartii BCA-treated field plot. Results of the cultivationindependent method were consistent with cultivation-dependent genotyping and allowed for unambiguous identification and differentiation of the applied as well as indigenous strains in the samples. Due to the larger quantities of soil used for cultivation-dependent analysis, its sensitivity was higher, but cultivation-independent SSR genotyping was much faster. Therefore, cultivation-independent monitoring of B. brongniartii based on multiple SSR markers represents a rapid and strain-specific approach. This strategy may also be applicable to other fungal species or strains for which SSR markers have been developed.Characterization and monitoring of fungi in the environment are important aspects for many research questions in fungal biology and ecology. These include, for example, characterization of fungal population structures (5, 44), investigations of fungal functions in ecosystems (34) or natural occurrence of specified fungal groups, e.g., entomopathogenic fungi (33), and studies of survival, spread, and persistence of fungal strains released to the environment (4, 16). Traditionally, identification and characterization of fungi has relied on cultivation, followed by morphological (26), biochemical (35, 40), or molecular (15) analyses. However, the cultivation step required makes these approaches both laborious and time-consuming.

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“…These larvae are soil-inhabiting insects and are difficult to control with chemical insecticides. Beauveria brongniartii and Metarhizium anisopliae play important roles in suppressing scarab grubs (Glare, 1992;Zimmerman, 1992;Kessler et al, 2003). However, the controlling effects are often not stable because the pathogenicity of fungi may be influenced by many environmental factors (Hiromori and Nishigaki, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction-associated conidial detachment of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria amorpha from the cuticle of a scarab grub, Anomala cuprea, in the soil

Yaginuma

Hiromori

Hatsukade

2006

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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Entomopathogenic fungal conidia are detached from the host cuticle by several environmental factors. Larvae of the scarab grub, Anomala cuprea, inhabit the soil, and are constantly in contact with the soil. The larvae were treated with imidacloprid to suppress the mobility, and then treated with fluorescein isothiocyanate labelled conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria amorpha. In the case of non-paralyzed larvae without imidacloprid treatment, conidia on the vertex, dorsum and abdomen became detached by 12 h after application. In contrast, the number of conidia on paralyzed larvae with imidacloprid treatment remained stable throughout the test period. In parallel with conidial detachment from non-paralyzed larvae, the number of conidia detected in the rearing soil increased. These results indicated that the fungal conidia adhering to the surface of scarab grubs are detached by friction with soil in association with the larval movement, suggesting that insect movement may be an important factor that affects the infection with pathogens.

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The effect of application time and soil factors on the occurrence of Beauveria brongniartii applied as a biological control agent in soil

Cited by 62 publications

References 21 publications

The Occurrence of Entomopathogenic Fungi on Mineral and Peat Soils in Peninsular Malaysia

The Occurrence of Entomopathogenic Fungi on Mineral and Peat Soils in Peninsular Malaysia

Cultivation-Independent Analysis of Fungal Genotypes in Soil by Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

Friction-associated conidial detachment of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria amorpha from the cuticle of a scarab grub, Anomala cuprea, in the soil

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