Effects of Vitamin B6 Deficiency on the Composition and Functional Potential of T Cell Populations

Abstract

The immune system is critical in preventing infection and cancer, and malnutrition can weaken different aspects of the immune system to undermine immunity. Previous studies suggested that vitamin B6 deficiency could decrease serum antibody production with concomitant increase in IL4 expression. However, evidence on whether vitamin B6 deficiency would impair immune cell differentiation, cytokines secretion, and signal molecule expression involved in JAK/STAT signaling pathway to regulate immune response remains largely unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of vitamin B6 deficiency on the immune system through analysis of T lymphocyte differentiation, IL-2, IL-4, and INF-γ secretion, and SOCS-1 and T-bet gene transcription. We generated a vitamin B6-deficient mouse model via vitamin B6-depletion diet. The results showed that vitamin B6 deficiency retards growth, inhibits lymphocyte proliferation, and interferes with its differentiation. After ConA stimulation, vitamin B6 deficiency led to decrease in IL-2 and increase in IL-4 but had no influence on IFN-γ. Real-time PCR analysis showed that vitamin B6 deficiency downregulated T-bet and upregulated SOCS-1 transcription. This study suggested that vitamin B6 deficiency influenced the immunity in organisms. Meanwhile, the appropriate supplement of vitamin B6 could benefit immunity of the organism.

Evaluation of the Effect of the Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment on Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Pyridoxine Hydrochloride

“…Pyridoxine or Vitamin B 6 is a water-soluble B vitamin which usually offers cofactors or prosthetic groups to different enzymatic reactions. Pyridoxine plays an important role in the metabolism of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.…”

“…Pyridoxine (alcohol form) is usually interconverted into pyridoxal (aldehyde form) and pyridoxamine (amine form). Pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, and their phosphorylated forms are usually major forms of vitamin B 6 in plant food, while pyridoxal and pyridoxal-5ꞌ-phosphate (PLP) are the main forms observed in animal foods. Pyridoxine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of vitamin B 6 and converted into its active coenzymatic form pyridoxal-5ꞌ-phosphate (PLP) [1][2][3][4].…”

“…Pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, and their phosphorylated forms are usually major forms of vitamin B 6 in plant food, while pyridoxal and pyridoxal-5ꞌ-phosphate (PLP) are the main forms observed in animal foods. Pyridoxine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of vitamin B 6 and converted into its active coenzymatic form pyridoxal-5ꞌ-phosphate (PLP) [1][2][3][4]. Pyridoxine hydrochloride is commonly used as vitamin supplement or as a component of multivitamin preparations for the prevention and treatment of pyridoxine deficiency, sideroblastic anaemia, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, pyridoxine-dependency seizures, metabolic disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, hyperhomocysteinemia, cancer, anxiety, asthma, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, dysmenorrhoea, post-partum lactation suppression, diabetes, McArdle's disease, osteoporosis, etc.…”

“…Pyridoxine hydrochloride is commonly used as vitamin supplement or as a component of multivitamin preparations for the prevention and treatment of pyridoxine deficiency, sideroblastic anaemia, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, pyridoxine-dependency seizures, metabolic disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, hyperhomocysteinemia, cancer, anxiety, asthma, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, dysmenorrhoea, post-partum lactation suppression, diabetes, McArdle's disease, osteoporosis, etc. [1,[4][5][6][7].…”

“…Scientific literature extensively reported significant problems about the bioavailability of vitamin B6. The major problems were very limited extent intestinal absorption of B 6 vitamers, large rate constant of elimination due to the non-binding properties of pyridoxine to the proteins of blood plasma, and instability of pyridoxine due to the complex formation between various food, drug, and cosmetic colours, packaged or canned food stored at elevated temperatures [1,3,4]. The Trivedi Effect ® -Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment significantly altered physicochemical properties such as crystalline structure, crystallite size, particle size, surface area, and thermal stability through introducing a polymorph of the pharmaceutical/nutraceutical compound.…”