Effects of virginiamycin against experimentally induced necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens vaccinated or not with an attenuated coccidial vaccine

Shojadoost, Bahram; Peighambari, Seyed Mostafa; Nikpiran, Hossein

doi:10.3382/japr.2012-00541

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For broilers, salinomycin and bacitracin are widely used in starter, grower or finisher feeds while virginiamycin is used in the finisher. Many of the above antimicrobials are effective against Gram-positive bacteria such as Clostridium perfringens , the etiological cause of necrotic enteritis which is one of the main disease concerns for poultry producers worldwide (Stutz et al, 1983 ; Heredia and Labbé, 2001 ; Shojadoost et al, 2013 ). Since C. perfringens also is one of the foodborne pathogens associated with poultry, it is believed that antimicrobial agents targeting this pathogen also help to prevent any potential food safety problems.…”

Section: Poultry Industry In Canadamentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotics in Canadian poultry productions and anticipated alternatives

2014

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The use of antibiotics in food-producing animals has significantly increased animal health by lowering mortality and the incidence of diseases. Antibiotics also have largely contributed to increase productivity of farms. However, antibiotic usage in general and relevance of non-therapeutic antibiotics (growth promoters) in feed need to be reevaluated especially because bacterial pathogens of humans and animals have developed and shared a variety of antibiotic resistance mechanisms that can easily be spread within microbial communities. In Canada, poultry production involves more than 2600 regulated chicken producers who have access to several antibiotics approved as feed additives for poultry. Feed recipes and mixtures vary greatly geographically and from one farm to another, making links between use of a specific antibiotic feed additive and production yields or selection of specific antibiotic-resistant bacteria difficult to establish. Many on-farm studies have revealed the widespread presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in broiler chickens. While some reports linked the presence of antibiotic-resistant organisms to the use of feed supplemented with antibiotics, no recent studies could clearly demonstrate the benefit of antimicrobial growth promoters on performance and production yields. With modern biosecurity and hygienic practices, there is a genuine concern that intensive utilization of antibiotics or use of antimicrobial growth promoters in feed might no longer be useful. Public pressure and concerns about food and environmental safety (antibiotic residues, antibiotic-resistant pathogens) have driven researchers to actively look for alternatives to antibiotics. Some of the alternatives include pre- and probiotics, organic acids and essential oils. We will describe here the properties of some bioactive molecules, like those found in cranberry, which have shown interesting polyvalent antibacterial and immuno-stimulatory activities.

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Section: Poultry Industry In Canadamentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotics in Canadian poultry productions and anticipated alternatives

2014

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“…A bird with subclinical NE does not display clinical signs of disease but still experiences infection. Our model was based on previous investigations and recommendations ( Gholamiandehkordi et al., 2007 ; Shojadoost et al., 2013 ; Wilson et al., 2018 ), with modification, as the intention was to avoid severe clinical signs or mortality occurring in challenged birds. In the subclinical form of NE, clinical signs would appear mild or not appear; however, obvious NE disturbance/lesions in the small intestine should be found.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H57 ameliorates subclinical necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks by maintaining intestinal mucosal integrity and improving feed efficiency

et al. 2020

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Subclinical necrotic enteritis ( NE ) was induced in broiler chicks using a high dose of Eimeria spp. vaccine in the drinking water on day 9, and Clostridium perfringens ( Cp ) culture mixed in the feed on days 14 and 15. The aim was to evaluate the effects of probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain H57 ( H57 ) in preventing NE in chicks. Day-old Ross 308, male broilers were weighed and randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups (6 replicate cages/treatment and 8 birds/cage). Birds in group 1 (control) were fed the basal wheat-soybean diet without H57 or NE infection; in group 2 ( Eimeria ) were treated with Eimeria alone; in group 3 ( Cp ) were treated with Cp alone; in group 4 (NE) received both Eimeria and Cp ; in group 5 (NE-H57) received NE infection and H57; and group 6 (H57) received H57. The basal diet of chicks in groups 5 and 6 was supplemented with H57 at a density of 2 × 10 8 spores/g feed from 1 D of age. On day 21, there were no significant treatment effects on BW and feed intake between control and H57 birds. However, on day 21, the feed conversion ratio of NE-H57 birds was significantly improved when compared with NE birds (1.28 vs. 1.36; P < 0.001). Birds challenged with NE had a higher occurrence of pasty vent than birds infected with either Eimeria , Cp , or NE-H57 (41 vs. 27 vs. 29 vs. 19%, respectively; P < 0.001). Intestinal lesion scores of NE birds were also higher than those of Eimeria , Cp , and NE-H57 birds (5.67 vs. 2.56 vs. 2.78 vs. 2.10, respectively; P < 0.001) and correlated with pasty vent (Pearson's r = 0.56; P < 0.001). Microscopic evaluation showed mucosal damage and necrosis in NE birds. In contrast, villi from NE-H57 birds were normal, with no damage or infiltration with Eimeria or Cp . H57 appears to be effective in challenged birds, as it maintained epithelial barrier integrity and improved feed efficiency.

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“…Virginiamycin is actively used for the industrial production of ethanol fuel (Hynes et al 1997; Arshad et al 2011); in addition, some countries, including USA, Russia, Brazil, and China, allow its use as an antibiotic feed additive for cattle and poultry (Hofacre et al 1998; Singh et al 2008; Shojadoost et al 2013). By 2020, the predicted increase in the consumption of this antibiotic in North America, Europe, and Asia will be 6% (Chem-Report 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling up a virginiamycin production by a high-yield Streptomyces virginiae VKM Ac-2738D strain using adsorbing resin addition and fed-batch fermentation under controlled conditions

Dzhavakhiya¹,

Savushkin²,

Ovchinnikov³

et al. 2016

3 Biotech

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Virginiamycin produced by Streptomyces virginiae as a natural mix of macrocyclic peptidolactones M and S is widely used in the industrial production of ethanol fuel and as an antibiotic feed additive for cattle and poultry. Its main antimicrobial components, M1 and S1 factors, act synergistically if the M1:S1 ratio in the final product is 70–75:25–30. This fact significantly complicates the development of stable high-yield strains suitable for industrial application. In the previous work, authors obtained a mutant S. virginiae VKM Ac-2738D strain, characterized by a high productivity in flasks and the optimum M1:S1 ratio (75:25) in the final product. In this study, the scale-up of the virginiamycin production by VKM AC-2738D from shake flasks to a pilot-scale (100 L) stirred fermentor was carried out and the possibility of the in situ use of synthetic adsorbing resins to remove virginiamycin from culture broth was assessed. After the optimization of pH and dissolved oxygen concentration (6.8–7.0 and 50%, respectively), the fed-batch fermentation of VKM Ac-2738D with continuous addition of 50% sucrose solution (5 g/L/day starting from 48 h of fermentation) resulted in a final virginiamycin titer of 4.9 g/L. Among four tested resins, Diaion® HP21 added to fermentation medium prior to sterilization absorbed 98.5% of the total virginiamycin that simplifies its further recovery procedure and increased its total titer to 5.6 g/L at the M1:S1 ratio of 74:26. The developed technology has several important advantages, which include (1) the optimum M1:S1 ratio in the final product, (2) the possibility to use sucrose as a carbon source instead of traditionally used and more expensive glucose or d-maltose, and (3) selective binding of up to 98.5% of produced virginiamycin on the adsorbing resin.

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Effects of virginiamycin against experimentally induced necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens vaccinated or not with an attenuated coccidial vaccine

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Antibiotics in Canadian poultry productions and anticipated alternatives

Antibiotics in Canadian poultry productions and anticipated alternatives

Probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H57 ameliorates subclinical necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks by maintaining intestinal mucosal integrity and improving feed efficiency

Scaling up a virginiamycin production by a high-yield Streptomyces virginiae VKM Ac-2738D strain using adsorbing resin addition and fed-batch fermentation under controlled conditions

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