“…Mavrikaki & Athanasiou, 2011;Siegle & McCoach, 2007;Stevens, Harris, Aguirre-Munoz, & Cobbs, 2009), as well as providing better teacher preparation programs for pre-service teachers' efficacy development (e.g. Incikabi, 2013;Richardson & Liang, 2008;Sancar-Tokmak, 2013). In addition, the 58 mathematics teachers, on average, had nearly 74% confidence in their own mathematics teaching capabilities, about 20 of them were lower than 70%.…”