Effects of varying levels of aqueous potassium and magnesium on survival, growth, and respiration of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, reared in low salinity waters

Roy, Luke A.; Davis, D. Allen; Saoud, I. Patrick; Henry, Raymond P.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.10.011

Cited by 121 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The results reported in previous studies suggested that dietary potassium requirement of aquatic animals would change with animal species and water environment (Roy et al, 2007;Shearer, 1988;Hsieh, 2001a, 2001b;Wilson and El Naggar, 1992). Our study suggests that dietary protein level also would affect the potassium requirement of aquatic animals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…Dietary potassium requirement might be influenced by the potassium content in water environment. Wei et al (2010) reported that the optimal dietary potassium level of L. vannamei in dilution water is 19.2 g kg −1 , which is higher than that was reported by Roy et al (2007). Furthermore, it has been reported that the diets for red sea bream and juvenile abalone did not require the addition of potassium when the potassium contents in the seawater and feed ingredients were very high (Sakamoto and Yone, 1978;Wang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The appropriate dietary potassium contents in crustaceans are 9 g kg −1 for Penaeus japonicus (Kanazawa et al, 1984), 12 g kg −1 for Fenneropenaeus chinensis (Liu et al, 1995) and juvenile grass shrimp (Shiau and Hsieh, 2001a), and 10 g kg − 1 for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) (Roy et al, 2007). However, it seems that the dietary potassium requirements of fish were lower than those of crustaceans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying the dietary potassium requirement of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

Zhu¹,

Liu²,

Chen³

et al. 2014

Aquaculture

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A growth trial lasting for 12 weeks was conducted in a semi flow-through system to determine the dietary potassium requirement of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) with an initial body weight of 4.8 g. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic semi-purified diets were compounded with different dietary potassium levels: 1. 50, 2.32, 3.28, 5.30, 7.12, 9.45 and 10.44 g kg −1 diet. The results showed that specific growth rate and feed efficiency of grass carp were significantly (P b 0.05) affected by dietary potassium level, the highest value of specific growth rate was in 5.30 g kg −1 group and feed efficiency values in 5.30, 7.12 and 9.45 g kg −1 groups were significantly higher than those in the other groups. The survival rate of grass carp in the present study was not affected by dietary potassium level (P N 0.05). The Na + -K + ATPase activity value in the gills varied significantly (P b 0.05) with dietary potassium level and showed an increasing and then decreasing trend, and the highest value was in the 7.12 g kg −1 group. Dietary potassium level showed significant (P b 0.05) effect on serum SOD, ALP and AST activities. SOD and ALP activities increased and then decreased as potassium level increased, while AST decreased first and then increased. Serum TP and TC contents increased and then decreased with potassium level (P b 0.05). TG, ALT and BUN were not affected by dietary potassium level (P N 0.05). Body potassium and moisture contents increased and lipid content decreased with dietary potassium content, while ash content in fish body increased first and then decreased as potassium content increased (P b 0.05). Body protein in the 10.44 g kg −1 group was significantly lowered (P b 0.05). However, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and sodium contents in dry matter were not affected by dietary potassium level. When the potassium content of water was 1.86-3.10 mg L −1 , judging from the polynomial regression analysis for the specific growth rate of fish and the Na + -K + ATPase activity in the gill, and the broken-line analysis for body potassium content, the optimal dietary potassium content for juvenile grass carp was 4.65, 7.27 and 5.98 g kg −1 diet respectively.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Quantifying the dietary potassium requirement of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

Zhu¹,

Liu²,

Chen³

et al. 2014

Aquaculture

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“…There have been a few other studies on long-term growth and survival of this species in low salinities 3,11,14,17 , but there are no reports on the effects of varying hardness levels in low salinity waters. However, some earlier stud- ies have shown the importance of ions, especially Mg 2+ and K + in successful rearing of L. vannamei in low salinity waters 7,19 . PL reared in low salinity well water at 4 ppt, supplemented with KCl and MgCl 2 was reported to show higher survival than animals reared in low salinity water without mineral supplements 7 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Low Salinity Rearing of the Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: Acclimation, Survival and Growth of Postlarvae and Juveniles

Jayasankar

Jasmani

Nomura³

et al. 2009

JARQ

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Low salinity rearing of Litopenaeus vannamei requires the transfer of postlarvae (PL) from high salinity hatchery systems to low salinity conditions. In order to determine effective transfer methods, fifteenday-old postlarvae (PL15) were acclimated from a salinity of 30 ppt to endpoint salinities of 1 and 5 ppt using single-step and gradual salinity reduction procedures. Higher survival rates were obtained with gradual acclimation than with single-step acclimation. Survival of PL15 acclimated to 5 ppt was better than that of PL15 acclimated to 1 ppt. Survival of PL15 and juvenile stages in various low salinity treatments ranging from 0-5 ppt was also compared. In the PL stage, survival rates were good (>85%) in salinities over 1.5 ppt. Tolerance to low salinities increased with age and survival rate of juveniles (65%) was higher than that of PL (2%) in freshwater. In our long-term growth trials of juvenile shrimp maintained in different salinities, optimal growth comparable to that in normal seawater was observed in animals reared in a salinity of 5 ppt, demonstrating that L. vannamei can be successfully cultured in low-salinity inland systems.

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“…Potassium deficient groundwater is suitable for culture of penaeids if the water or the feed is fortified with K + [26,[44][45][46][47][48][49]. However, the benefit of feeding K + to shrimp also appears equivocal as some authors have shown that shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared in artificial seawater, where the [K + ] of water and feeds were varied, did not gain any substantial benefit from K + fortified feed [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fortification of an Aquafeed with Potassium Chloride Does Not Improve Survival of Juvenile Australian Snapper Pagrus auratus Reared in Potassium Deficient Saline Groundwater

Booth¹,

Fielder²

2016

Fishes

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This study was done to determine if fortification of a commercial aquafeed with KCl could improve the survival of juvenile Australian snapper Pagrus auratus reared in K + deficient saline groundwater (KDSGW; <5 mg K + L −1 ). Experiment 1 (Exp. 1) tested whether feeding an aquafeed fortified with zero, 25, or 50 g KCl kg −1 for 6 days affected feed intake and survival of fish transferred immediately from estuarine water to KDSGW of the equivalent salinity (20 g·L −1 ). Experiment 2 (Exp. 2) investigated whether an aquafeed fortified with zero, 10, or 25 g KCl kg −1 affected survival, feed intake, and growth rate (SGR) of snapper reared in KDSGW fortified to have 40% or 100% the [K + ] of equivalent salinity estuarine water (20 g·L −1 ). The results of Exp. 1 demonstrated there was no benefit of fortifying aquafeed with KCl; fish transferred into KDSGW stopped feeding and developed symptoms akin to tetany. Some individuals also died and others became moribund. Exp. 1 was terminated according to animal care and ethics guidelines. The results of Exp. 2 indicated the amount of KCl added to the aquafeed did not affect survival, feed intake, or food conversion ratio (FCR) of snapper, irrespective of water treatment. However, SGR and FCR was better when fish were reared in normal estuarine water and KDSGW fortified to have 100% the [K + ] of equivalent salinity estuarine water. Our results demonstrated that juvenile snapper were unable to utilize the KCl added to the aquafeed and were probably reliant on sequestering K + ions from the water column in order to maintain functions involving hydromineral homeostasis. Fortification of aquafeeds with KCl does not ameliorate the negative effects of KDSWG on the survival of juvenile snapper.

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Effects of varying levels of aqueous potassium and magnesium on survival, growth, and respiration of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, reared in low salinity waters

Cited by 121 publications

References 27 publications

Quantifying the dietary potassium requirement of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

Quantifying the dietary potassium requirement of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

Low Salinity Rearing of the Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: Acclimation, Survival and Growth of Postlarvae and Juveniles

Fortification of an Aquafeed with Potassium Chloride Does Not Improve Survival of Juvenile Australian Snapper Pagrus auratus Reared in Potassium Deficient Saline Groundwater

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