Effects of Various Vegetable Oil and Water Mixtures Used as Cutting Fluids on Tool Wear and Surface Roughness

Abstract

In the study, various vegetable oil and water mixtures were used as cutting fluid to be tested in machining. These fluids have been used as an alternative to cutting fluids made from synthetic and semi-synthetic oils, which have harmful effects on nature and humans, and their performance has been investigated. As vegetable oil, Soy, Sunflower and Canola oils were mixed with water each and separate cutting fluids were obtained. Vegetable oil and water were mixed at 7 % and 93 %, respectively, and turned into a homogeneous liquid. Dry cutting and commercial cutting fluid using for cutting was also performed in comparison turning. In the study, AISI 4140 steel was processed on a CNC turning machine using an uncoated carbide insert. In all experiments, the cutting speed was kept constant as 200 m/min, the feed rate as 0,2 mm/rev, and the depth of cut at 1 mm. Cutting fluids were used in two different ways in experiments as liquid and 4 bar pressure spraying. As a result of the experiments, tool wear and surface roughness values were studied. The best results in all processing terms have been found in experiments with pressurized spraying of a mixture of canola oil and water. The surface roughness value was measured as 1,35 μm and the tool wear value was measured as 0,13 mm. The worst values were obtained in experiments carried out under dry cutting condition. Surface roughness value was measured as 2,31 μm and tool wear value was measured as 0,24 mm.