Effects of UV-B Dose and Irradiance: Comparison among Grazers

McNamara, Amy E.; Hill, Walter R.

doi:10.2307/1468450

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…When the overall dose of the experiments was doubled, they found that the high dose rate, short exposure survived better than the low dose rate, long exposure, which survived better than the medium dose rate, medium exposure. The same lack of pattern between percent survival and dose rate was seen by McNamara and Hill (1999) when observing the survival of mayflies and chironomids. It is possible that the theorized PER rate (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…The apparent link between PER and reciprocity has been discussed at length (de Gruijl et al 1986;Coohill 1989;Karentz and Lutze 1990;Cullen and Lesser 1991;Lesser et al 1994;Cullen and Neale 1997) but has rarely been tested experimentally. In a study of the effects of UV-B dose and irradiance among benthic grazers, McNamara and Hill (1999) showed that reciprocity failed, discussed the importance of repair mechanisms, but never tested whether the organisms exhibited PER. Kouwenberg et al (1999) found that reciprocity held in the absence of PER in Atlantic cod eggs, whereas Hunter et al (1981) found that reciprocity failed in the presence of PER in larval Northern anchovy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zooplankton survival and reproduction responses to damaging UV radiation: A test of reciprocity and photoenzymatic repair

Grad

Williamson

Karapelou

2001

Limnology & Oceanography

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As stratospheric ozone concentrations are reduced, exposure of organisms to damaging ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reaching the earth increases. Many organisms can repair DNA damaged by UVR through photoenzymatic repair (PER) using the enzyme photolyase, in the presence of photorepair radiation (UV-A and visible light [PRR]). Biological weighting functions have been used to model UVR damage in organisms in an attempt to predict the short-term effects of ozone depletion. One assumption of these studies is that reciprocity-satisfied when the effect of a dose is independent of the dose rate-must hold. Here we exposed organisms to damaging UV-B radiation in both the presence and absence of PRR. This study explicitly tests whether reciprocity holds in two zooplankters with differing PER abilities: Daphnia pulicaria, and Asplanchna girodi. We found significant PER and a failure of reciprocity when comparing Daphnia and Asplanchna survival at different dose rates. However, in a higher dose experiment with Asplanchna, we found no significant PER, and reciprocity held. These experiments show a link between PER and reciprocity. The ability of Daphnia and Asplanchna to produce viable offspring after UVR exposure did not vary with dose rate but did vary with PRR. Reciprocity held in all cases where PRR was provided, but in the absence of PRR all offspring died. This study shows that overall dose, dose rate, the ability to undergo PER, and the presence of PRR are important factors to consider when studying the effects of UVR on organisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Zooplankton survival and reproduction responses to damaging UV radiation: A test of reciprocity and photoenzymatic repair

Grad

Williamson

Karapelou

2001

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…McNamara and Hill (1999) showed differential susceptibility of consumers to UVB, suggesting shifts in grazing regimes at sites of high UVB-exposure. Experimental evidence comes from studies on periphyton communities.…”

Section: Alga-herbivore Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet radiation shapes seaweed communities

Bischof

Gómez

Molis

et al. 2006

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

202

109

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Stratospheric ozone depletion and the concomitant increase in irradiance of ultraviolet-B radiation (UVB) at the earth's surface represent major threats to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In costal rocky shore environments, seaweeds constitute a group of organisms of particular significance to ecosystem function. Thus, impairment of seaweed performance by UVB-exposure may result in severe changes in the functioning of coastal ecosystems. Here we present our view on how UVB radiation affects seaweed physiology and ecology and, thus, shapes the coastal environment by affecting the spatial, species and functional structure of seaweed communities.

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“…Similarly, Thomas and Tait (1984) reported that albino B. glabrata crawling upside-down on the water surface were killed by exposure to a UV lamp. McNamara and Hill (1999) exposed the prosobranch snail Elimia clavaeformis and the pulmonate Physella gyrina to up to 26 kJ·m −2 UVB at a fluence of 2 W·m −2 , and observed that E. claevaeformis survived all doses used, whereas small (1 mm shell length) P. gyrina showed decreased survival at 5 days post-exposure to 13 and 26 kJ·m −2 . Rankin and Harrison (1979) reported mortality of hatchling and juvenile Physa marmorata exposed to direct sunlight for 6 hr, whereas Hill et al (1997) found no effects on densities of E. clavaeformis from ambient levels of solar UV, and they hypothesized that the shell and pigmentation of the headfoot protected the snail from UV damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lethal and sub-lethal effects of UVB on juvenile Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca: Pulmonata)

Ruelas¹,

Karentz²,

Sullivan³

2006

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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Although Schistosoma mansoni occurs mainly in the tropics, where intense levels of solar radiation are present, the impact of ultraviolet (UV) light on schistosome transmission is not known. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential effects of UVB (290-320 nm) on juvenile Biomphalaria glabrata, the snail intermediate host of S. mansoni. Albino and wild type snails were exposed to doses of UVB from UV-fluorescent lamps, and the following were measured: survival, photoreactivation (light-mediated DNA repair), effects on feeding behavior, and morphological tissue abnormalities. Irradiation with UVB is lethal to B. glabrata in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure to white light subsequent to UVB irradiation enhances survival, probably by photoreactivation. The shell offers some, but not complete, protection. Experiments in which UVB transmittance through the shell was blocked with black nail polish suggest that injury to both exposed (headfoot) and shell-enclosed (mantle and visceral mass) tissues contributes to mortality in lethallyirradiated snails. Wild-type (pigmented) snails are less susceptible to lethal effects of UVB than albino snails, and they may be more capable of photoreactivation. UVB exposure inhibits snail feeding behavior, and causes tentacle forks and growths on the headfoot. Thus, UVB may influence the life cycle of S. mansoni by both lethal and sub-lethal damage to the snail intermediate host.However, the ability of snails to photoreactivate may mitigate these effects.

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Effects of UV-B Dose and Irradiance: Comparison among Grazers

Cited by 23 publications

References 35 publications

Zooplankton survival and reproduction responses to damaging UV radiation: A test of reciprocity and photoenzymatic repair

Zooplankton survival and reproduction responses to damaging UV radiation: A test of reciprocity and photoenzymatic repair

Ultraviolet radiation shapes seaweed communities

Lethal and sub-lethal effects of UVB on juvenile Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca: Pulmonata)

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