Effects of using white flour, zinc oxide and zinc ash as an admixture in mortar and concrete

Anandaraj, S.; Karthik, S.; Vijaymohan, S.; Rampradheep, G. S.; Indhiradevi, P.; Anusha, G.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.11.447

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As we know, Cl content in zinc ash is incredibly reduced, thanks to the decomposition of Zn 5 (OH) 8 Cl 2 H 2 O in zinc ash at high temperature and the breakdown of Zn(OH) 2 to ZnO [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. It can be seen from Figure 4 that the Cl content in zinc ash is 1.69% after being dechlorinated at 600 °C, which is mainly attributed to the low volatile temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Process of Direct Zinc Oxide Production by Carbothermal Reduction of Zinc Ash

Gao

Wang

et al. 2022

Materials

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Zinc ash is a by-product of the hot-dip galvanizing process and the electrolytic zinc process, which is classified as a hazardous waste consisting predominately of zinc oxide that could be recovered as the useful main resource for ZnO preparation. In this work, in order to reduce the energy consumption of the direct reduction process and improve the resource-recovery rate. A new technology for zinc oxide production, by a carbothermal reduction of zinc ash, is proposed. This process includes two steps: high-temperature roasting of zinc ash for dechlorination and a carbothermal reduction of dechlorination ash. Zn in zinc ash is mainly presented in the form of zinc oxide (ZnO), basic zinc chloride (Zn5(OH)8Cl2H2O), and metallic zinc (Zn). Basic zinc chloride can be roasted and decomposed to reduce the chlorine content in zinc ash. The results of a chloride ion removal test show that the optimal roasting temperature is 1000 °C, with a holding time of 60 min. Under the modified conditions, the chloride content in the roasted zinc ash is reduced to 0.021 wt.%, and the dechlorination rate is more than 99.5%, which can meet the requirements of zinc oxide production. The best process conditions for zinc oxide production by carbothermic reduction are as follows: reduction temperature of 1250 °C, reduction time of 60 min, and reduction agent addition of 22 wt.%. Under the best reduction process, the purity of zinc oxide product is 99.5%, and the recovery of zinc is more than 99.25%. Needle-like zinc oxide obtained by carbothermic reduction has high purity and can replace zinc oxide produced by an indirect process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Process of Direct Zinc Oxide Production by Carbothermal Reduction of Zinc Ash

Gao

Wang

et al. 2022

Materials

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“…Starch is the most abundant biopolymer that is widely explored as bio admixture for concrete due to ready availability, low-cost and eco-friendliness [11][12][13][14]. The sources of the starch in general are corn, cassava, sweet potato, sorghum potato, barley, rice, wheat, etc., chemical constitution and structure of starch depends on its source [15,16]. The major components of starch are amylase and amylopectin, the proportion of these polymers differs depending upon the source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The anionic character of it arises due to the existence of both glucuronic acid and pyruvic acid groups in the side chain. The research world of civil engineering has developed various new alternative materials as either an additional material or a substitute material to the conventionally available admixtures [16]. Also, another set of researchers are attempting the usage of chemical and mineral admixtures to improvise the properties of the cement, modify the viscosity of concrete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on microstructural and compressive strength characteristics of a novel bio-admixture comprising Cassava Starch-Xanthan gum with cement mortar for building application

Selvakumar,

Kumarasamy

2024

Matéria (Rio J.)

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Developing high-performing bio adhesives for enhancing the bonding strength of cement-based materials is highly desirable as they improve workability, corrosion resistance and durability of the concrete. The present effort aims at stemming a novel bio admixture comprising agricultural products Cassava starch and Xanthan gum as well examines the effect of incorporation of it into the cement. The composition of xanthan gum is varied in the starch mixture systematically in the ratios namely 1:0.25, 1:0.5 and 1:0.75. As-prepared bio admixtures are characterized through Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis, contact angle and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray studies. These results demonstrated that presence of optimal amount of xanthan gum facilitates the binding nature of starch and promotes better bond strength as it significantly improved the bonding capacity as well as hydrophilic nature of starch thereby augmenting the bonding strength when used in cement mortar. The bio admixture filler material occupied the voids between the mortar matrix, thus reducing the porosity. The beneficial effect of as-prepared bio admixture has been reflected in the compressive strength that has been enhanced by 16.6% when optimized quantity (1.5 wt.%) of the bio admixture is added to the mortar.

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“…Other researchers [11] focused mainly on the effect of the starch admixture on reducing the creep effect of the tested concretes. Research on a similar use of starch as a concrete admixture was also described previously [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Studies on a Lightweight Porous Cement-Based Composite – Gel Concrete

Strzałkowski,

Stolarska

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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This paper presents some preliminary results of research on light, highly porous cement composites – gel concretes. A material based on Portland cement was tested, the very high porosity of which (over 60%) was obtained by direct gelatinization of starch in a liquid cement slurry. A composite based solely on cement and concretes produced with the addition of metakaolin or zeolite was tested. The basic properties of the concretes obtained in this way were determined, i.e., the volume density in a dry state, the thermal properties, and the compressive strength. In the case of the thermal properties, tests were performed on specimens dried to constant mass, while the test itself was carried out at an average temperature of 10°C. The tests employed an Isomet 2114 apparatus, which uses a non-stationary heat flow technique. The thermal conductivity coefficients and the volumetric specific heat were determined. The compressive strength tests were carried out on cubic specimens with a side of 4 cm after 28 days of curing by air-drying. Four specimens of each type of composite were tested. For composites based solely on Portland cement, the sorption properties of the material were also tested. For this purpose, the method of dynamic water vapor sorption (DVS) was used. As a result, graphs of the sorption and desorption of individual composites of different densities were obtained. Preliminary qualitative tests were also carried out using an electron microscope. The use of the starch gelatinization process directly in the cement slurry made it possible to obtain a very homogeneous material, in which the initial, temporary structure was starch gel, around which, after exceeding the setting time of the cement, the target cement-based structure was formed – gel concrete. The tested materials are innovative, having excellent thermal properties, comparable mechanical properties to lightweight concretes of the same densities, and is formed using an easily available, relatively cheap admixture in the form of starch. They can be used to produce small masonry elements, such as blocks for external walls or other typical prefabricated lightweight concrete elements.

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Effects of using white flour, zinc oxide and zinc ash as an admixture in mortar and concrete

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

A New Process of Direct Zinc Oxide Production by Carbothermal Reduction of Zinc Ash

A New Process of Direct Zinc Oxide Production by Carbothermal Reduction of Zinc Ash

Investigation on microstructural and compressive strength characteristics of a novel bio-admixture comprising Cassava Starch-Xanthan gum with cement mortar for building application

Preliminary Studies on a Lightweight Porous Cement-Based Composite – Gel Concrete

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